{"id":1188,"date":"2022-04-25T13:30:10","date_gmt":"2022-04-25T12:30:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/?p=1188"},"modified":"2022-04-25T13:30:10","modified_gmt":"2022-04-25T12:30:10","slug":"so-here-we-are-again-sex-and-misogyny-in-parliament-by-dr-jacqui-turner","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/so-here-we-are-again-sex-and-misogyny-in-parliament-by-dr-jacqui-turner\/","title":{"rendered":"So here we are again\u2026 sex and misogyny in Parliament by Dr Jacqui Turner"},"content":{"rendered":"

So here we are again, after a weekend of press and parliamentary misogyny, the subsequent outrage will inevitably simmer down and go away until the next time\u2026and the next time\u2026 and the next time.<\/p>\n

Angela Rayner called out \u201csexism and misogyny\u201d in politics, after the Mail on Sunday<\/em> claimed that she crosses and uncrosses her legs during prime minister\u2019s questions to distract Boris Johnson. The report was universally condemned by Johnson and MPs from across the House of Commons. The Mail on Sunday<\/em> reported that an unnamed Conservative MP said Rayner\u2019s actions constituted \u201ca fully clothed parliamentary equivalent of Sharon Stone\u2019s infamous scene in the 1992 film Basic Instinct\u201d. I am not going to include a photograph of Angela Rayner\u2019s legs here, rather her own take on the issue (forgive the awkward image but I needed to crop the inevitable male comment):<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Of course, she is right, from the outset women in the House were considered an aberration, a passing phase, a temporary blip that would go away allowing business to return to normal.\u00a0 That clearly didn\u2019t happen and while we may not yet have equal representation in parliament, things have improved.\u00a0 Unfortunately, the misogyny that lies just below the surface has not altogether, it is very often simply shielded.\u00a0 Edwina Curry\u2019s confident statement that women were no longer at any disadvantage over men continues to be risible. From Sturgeon and May in \u2018Legs-it\u2019 to Tracy Brabin\u2019s off the shoulder top, the obsession with women\u2019s appearances and how this indicates or constructs their sexuality is never ending. Let\u2019s not even go there with Diane Abbott who regularly receives more than half the abusive Twitter trolling of all women MPs.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Beyond comment on women\u2019s sexuality, in 2016 the outrageous representation of Theresa May as Cruella Deville by the Scottish nationalist newspaper, The National<\/em>, evidences the media continuing to question that second prong of femininity – women\u2019s \u2018special feminine qualities\u2019 as wives and mothers and the fact that women who do not openly exhibit these are also questioned and pilloried.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Thus it is and always has been. The first woman took her seat in Parliament against a maelstrom of press comment. Press comment was intrusive, invariably hostile and focused on her marital status and dress.\u00a0 Nancy Astor was elected to parliament for Plymouth Sutton at a by-election in November 1919 replacing her husband who had previously been MP.\u00a0 She stood as a Unionist candidate though many in the party had reservations, including the Unionist Party Chairman, Sir George Younger, who felt that \u2018the worst of it is, the woman is sure to get in\u2019. She did get in and on 1 December 1919 when she stood at the bar in the House of Commons, Astor\u2019s words as she took the oath was the first time a female voice had been heard in the Chamber. The Chamber was not full but the\u00a0Manchester Guardian<\/em>\u00a0reported that the proceedings generated a \u2018flutter of altogether pleasant excitement\u2019 though Astor sensed an undercurrent of nervousness: \u2018I was deeply conscious of representing a Cause, whereas I think they were a little nervous of having let down the House of Commons by escorting the Cause into it\u2019.\u00a0Astor\u2019s presence in the House had been commented on in\u00a0The Times\u00a0<\/em>the day after her election. A woman MP, was a \u2018tremendous breach in Parliamentary tradition\u2019.\u00a0 The language used by\u00a0The Times<\/em>\u00a0strongly suggested that Astor was an unwanted intrusion, an illegal intrusion and she was forcibly overcoming a bastion of male dominance. \u00a0The notion of a woman had been \u2018almost inconceivable\u2019. Astor had to cope with a constant and insidious sexism that undermined her attempts to be taken seriously. \u00a0She avoided comments on her clothing, by adopting a uniform of dark coat and skirt, white blouse and tricorn hat but she was less successful in evading the patronizingly flirtatious and ribald comments of her male colleagues.<\/p>\n

Astor\u2019s maiden speech in 1920 was in opposition to a proposal to relax wartime restrictions on opening hours for public houses. \u00a0Sir John Rees, who was well aware of Astor\u2019s abstentionist politics, concluded his speech by looking directly at her, and archly remarked:<\/p>\n

I do not doubt that a rod is in pickle for me when I sit down, but I will accept the chastisement with resignation and am indeed ready to kiss the rod.<\/em><\/p>\n

Astor wittily demurred, replying that Rees had gone \u2018a bit too far. However, I will consider his proposal if I can convert him\u2019. \u00a0No such witticism is recorded for the occasion on which an inebriated Jack Jones, Labour MP for Silvertown, interrupted Astor. \u00a0Refusing to give way, Astor told Jones he was drinking too much and should think of his stomach, to which he answered to loud guffaws, he would push his stomach up against hers any time she liked.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

While the medium was different, the sexualised trolling was the same.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Possibly all of this may have been considered \u2018understandable\u2019 in the context of the interwar period BUT the insidious sexism that Astor experienced remains, overlooked and often sniggered at, over a century later. \u00a0It might best be equated to the statement made by comedian Jo Brand on BBC One\u2019s\u00a0Have I Got News For You <\/em>in 2017: within the context of the #MeToo movement and in the wake of a series of resignations over what Sir Michael Fallon had described as behaviour that had \u201cfallen short\u201d of expectations, the all-male panel discussed the issues raised. \u00a0With a smirk, regular team captain Ian Hislop described some claims of harassment as \u201cnot high-level crime \u2026 compared to say Putin or Trump\u201d. Brand\u2019s response was measured but spoke volumes:<\/p>\n

If I can just say, as the only representative of the female gender here today, I know it\u2019s not high level, but it doesn\u2019t have to be high level for women to feel under siege in somewhere like the House of Commons. And actually, for women, if you\u2019re constantly being harassed, even in a small way, that builds up and that wears you down.<\/em><\/p>\n

Questions of severity and degree are, for most of us, an \u2018insidious\u2019 undermining of sexual harassment which will never change until we have an equal power balance in society and in Parliament. \u00a0All of this said, and with absolute support for Angela Rayner, not long ago, Rayner could not or would not define what was meant by \u2018woman\u2019, here is the reality of being a woman, Rayner can\u2019t always have it both ways.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Further information and reading:<\/strong><\/p>\n

You can find out more about Turner and her work here Dr Jacqui Turner – History (reading.ac.uk)<\/a><\/p>\n

Nancy Astor’s political papers are held at the University of Reading Special Collections Astor, Nancy (politician) \u2013 Collections \u2013 Special Collections (reading.ac.uk)<\/a><\/p>\n

For more historical comment on women MPs, the press and their appearances see:\u00a0Cowman, K., (2020) \u2018A Matter of Public Interest: Press Coverage of the Outfits of Women MPs 1918\u20131930\u2019, in Grey, D. and Turner, J., (eds), \u2018Nancy Astor, Public Women and Gendered Politics in Interwar Britian\u2019, Open Library of Humanities<\/em>\u00a06(2), p.17. doi:\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.16995\/olh.583<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

So here we are again, after a weekend of press and parliamentary misogyny, the subsequent outrage will inevitably simmer down and go away until the next time\u2026and the next time\u2026…Read More 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Turner","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8f9b79767b51e17ac1c0226c781a4e3435f44168bdfcbeef4f5b7ef20f58d5f0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8f9b79767b51e17ac1c0226c781a4e3435f44168bdfcbeef4f5b7ef20f58d5f0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Jacqui Turner"},"description":"I am broadly interested in C19th and early C20th parliamentary politics and political cultures including gender, early feminism and a mix of working class politics and religion. My existing research 'The soul of the Labour Movement' is a detailed examination of the Victorian morality and spirituality upon which the life of the Labour movement was built and includes the wider contribution of the women's movement, children's associations and radical literary traditions. My current research concerns early female pioneers in politics, focusing largely on female MPs between 1919 and 1931 primarily as 'sex-candidates'. I examine the contribution of early female MPs but also reassess the importance of the 1918 Representation of the People Act on British democracy, in relation to women and the emergence of female politicians - I am particularly interested in Nancy Astor, who was the first female MP to sit in the House of Commons and whose papers are held at the University of Reading. After spending several years working in heritage, I remain interested in archives and collections, material culture, museums and heritage.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.reading.ac.uk\/history\/our-staff\/jacqui-turner","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/dr-jacqui-turner-09b994110\/"],"url":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/author\/e-j-turnerreading-ac-uk\/"}]}},"cc_featured_image_caption":{"caption_text":"","source_text":"","source_url":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1188","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/189"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1188"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1188\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1195,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1188\/revisions\/1195"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}