{"id":1432,"date":"2024-07-17T10:35:36","date_gmt":"2024-07-17T09:35:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/?p=1432"},"modified":"2024-07-17T10:35:36","modified_gmt":"2024-07-17T09:35:36","slug":"women-firsts-in-cabinet-a-long-view","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/women-firsts-in-cabinet-a-long-view\/","title":{"rendered":"Women firsts in Cabinet: A long view"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Labour have won a historic landslide in the 2024 general election, but it is also a historic moment for women in parliament as Rachel Reeves becomes the first female Chancellor of the Exchequer. After Rachel Reeves\u2019 appointment as Chancellor, and in the wake of her first address to the public, Jacqui Turner reflects on the longer history of women in the Cabinet.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2024\/07\/1024px-Rachel_Reeves_Official_Cabinet_Portrait_July_2024.jpg\" alt=\"Rt Hon Rachel Reeves MP\" \/><strong><span class=\"mw-page-title-main\">Rachel Reeves Official Cabinet Portrait, July 2024<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A criticism often laid at the Labour Party is that they have never had a female party leader and at times have been out of step with the political progression of women, despite their clarion call to be \u2018The real Women\u2019s Party\u2019 in their 1918 election manifesto. More broadly, women had traditionally been kept out of the areas of \u2018high politics\u2019 such as the Foreign Office and the Exchequer across all parties.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2024\/07\/screenshot-2024-07-08-132333-1-1.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Rachel Reeves MP on X, July 5, 2024<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rachel Reeves, however, now takes on the mantle of being the first female Chancellor of the Exchequer in history and states that she \u201ccame into politics because I want to see a government that cares about working people\u2026 I want to be the next Labour chancellor that changes this. I want to build an economy that gives everyone the opportunities they need to thrive, no matter where they are from, so the next generation can be better off than the last.\u201d [1] But with the lingering aftermaths of Brexit and the pandemic, alongside the immediacy of international conflict and a global financial downturn, the economic climate that Reeves inherits may well be as challenging for her as Chancellor of the Exchequer as they were to the first female Cabinet minister in 1929.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2024\/07\/rr.jpg\" \/><strong>Rachel Reeves outside Number 11 Downing Street, the official residence of the Chancellor.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There are echoes with her groundbreaking predecessor, Margaret Bondfield, also Labour, who became the first woman to be appointed as Cabinet Minister and the first woman Privy Counsellor as Minister in the second Labour minority government. [2]<\/p>\n<p>Like Reeves, Bondfield was well versed and eminently well qualified for her role as Minister for Labour. In 1904 she had been a founding member of the Adult Suffrage Society (ASS) and in 1906 of the Women\u2019s Labour League. Most significantly, she was the first female president of the Trade Union Congress in 1923, following a long stint in the Shop Assistants\u2019 Union. \u00a0Her abiding commitment was to improving social and political workplace rights for women alongside a deep ideological conviction motivated by her own experience in the workplace and her commitment to trade unionism. Considering her previous ministerial experience in the Ministry of Labour, as well as her trade union credentials, she was an obvious candidate to be the new Minister of Labour.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2024\/07\/mb-scaled.jpg\" width=\"457\" height=\"673\" \/><strong>Margaret Bondfield<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Unfotunately, Bondfield\u2019 s appointment was something of a poisoned chalice made in the aftermath of the Wall Street Crash and at the onset of the Great Depression. In 1927, as a member of the Blanesburgh Committee, which recommended cuts in civil service pay and unemployment insurance or \u2018the dole\u2019, Bondfield had already been accused of betraying the working classes. But in 1931, as Minister of Labour, she came under enormous pressure to further cut salaries and unemployment benefit, including benefits to married women, which alienated her from many in her party and the broader Labour movement. A lack of public confidence led to the fall of the Labour government and Bondfield did not join Ramsay MacDonald\u2019s National Government. She lost her seat in the general election of October 1931, marking the end of her career in national politics.<\/p>\n<p>After Bondfield\u2019 s departure from Cabinet in 1931, it was 14 years before Ellen Wilkinson was appointed to a Cabinet role as Minister of Education in the Labour Government of 1945. But Bondfield\u2019 s appointment as Minister for Labour in 1929 sealed her place in British parliamentary history, Bonfield believed that her appointment was:<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u2018part of the great revolution in the position of women which had taken place in my lifetime and which I had done something to help forward\u2019<\/strong> (Margaret Bondfield, <em>A Life\u2019s Work,\u00a0<\/em>1948)<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Reeves is also eminently suited to her role having spent time as an economist at the Bank of England and HBOS (a merger of the Halifax Building Society and the Bank of Scotland) before being elected as MP for Leeds West in 2010. Like Bonfield she inherits a problematic economy, as she herself states \u2018After 14 years of chaos and instability, I know just how high the stakes are for working people.\u2019 [3] How high the stakes are for Reeves remains to be seen. But for Rachel Reeves MP on 5<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0July 2024:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2024\/07\/gruw6bbweaaqpjk.jpg\" \/><strong>Rachel Reeves MP on X, July 5, 2024<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reading.ac.uk\/history\/our-staff\/jacqui-turner\">Jacqui Turner<\/a> is Associate Professor of History, University of Reading.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>[1]\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/rachelreeves.com\/\">Rachel Reeves MP \u2013 Shadow Chancellor and MP for Leeds West<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[2] In 1919, Constance Markievicz had been appointed the first woman Cabinet Minister in Ireland in the D \u00e1 il \u00c9ireann.<\/p>\n<p>[3]\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/rachelreeves.com\/my-plan\/\">My Plan \u2013 Rachel Reeves<\/a><\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<p><strong>Further Reading:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Margret Bondfield,\u00a0<em>A Life\u2019s Work<\/em>\u00a0( Hutchinson , 1948 )<\/p>\n<p>Jacqui Turner, \u2018Maragret Bondfield. First woman Cabinet minister 1929\u2019 in\u00a0<em>Women\u2019s Legal Landmarks in the Interwar Years: Not for the Want of Trying,\u00a0<\/em>in\u00a0Rosemary Auchmuty, Erika Rackley and Mari Takayanagi (eds), (Bloomsbury, 2024). In Press.<\/p>\n<p>Rachel Reeves,\u00a0<em>Women of Westminster<\/em>\u00a0(IB Tauris, 2019)<\/p>\n<p>Members of Parliament, Rachel Reeves MP\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/members.parliament.uk\/member\/4031\/contact\">https:\/\/members.parliament.uk\/member\/4031\/contact<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Labour have won a historic landslide in the 2024 general election, but it is also a historic moment for women in parliament as Rachel Reeves becomes the first female Chancellor&#8230;<a class=\"read-more\" href=\"&#104;&#116;&#116;&#112;&#115;&#58;&#47;&#47;&#114;&#101;&#115;&#101;&#97;&#114;&#99;&#104;&#46;&#114;&#101;&#97;&#100;&#105;&#110;&#103;&#46;&#97;&#99;&#46;&#117;&#107;&#47;&#97;&#115;&#116;&#111;&#114;&#49;&#48;&#48;&#47;&#119;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#110;&#45;&#102;&#105;&#114;&#115;&#116;&#115;&#45;&#105;&#110;&#45;&#99;&#97;&#98;&#105;&#110;&#101;&#116;&#45;&#97;&#45;&#108;&#111;&#110;&#103;&#45;&#118;&#105;&#101;&#119;&#47;\">Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":189,"featured_media":1433,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[163,165,167,164,166,174,177,19,175,71,70,170,168,17,169,171,173,172,176],"class_list":["post-1432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-and-events","tag-cabinet","tag-chancellor","tag-chancellor-of-the-exchequer","tag-exchequer","tag-first-woman","tag-general-election-2024","tag-government","tag-history","tag-labour","tag-labour-history","tag-labour-party","tag-margaret-bondfield","tag-minister","tag-parliament","tag-rachel-reeves","tag-women","tag-women-firsts","tag-women-in-politics","tag-womens-history"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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My existing research 'The soul of the Labour Movement' is a detailed examination of the Victorian morality and spirituality upon which the life of the Labour movement was built and includes the wider contribution of the women's movement, children's associations and radical literary traditions. My current research concerns early female pioneers in politics, focusing largely on female MPs between 1919 and 1931 primarily as 'sex-candidates'. I examine the contribution of early female MPs but also reassess the importance of the 1918 Representation of the People Act on British democracy, in relation to women and the emergence of female politicians - I am particularly interested in Nancy Astor, who was the first female MP to sit in the House of Commons and whose papers are held at the University of Reading. After spending several years working in heritage, I remain interested in archives and collections, material culture, museums and heritage.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.reading.ac.uk\/history\/our-staff\/jacqui-turner","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/dr-jacqui-turner-09b994110\/"],"url":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/author\/e-j-turnerreading-ac-uk\/"}]}},"cc_featured_image_caption":{"caption_text":"","source_text":"","source_url":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/189"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1432"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1434,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1432\/revisions\/1434"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1433"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1432"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/astor100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}