Unknown compounds can be identified using High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), which provides precise measurement of mass-to-charge ratios with exceptional accuracy, allowing for detailed analysis of complex mixtures. By using advanced technologies such as high-resolution time-of-flight (TOF) or orbitrap analysers, HRMS can resolve closely spaced peaks and distinguish between compounds with very similar masses. This capability enables accurate identification of analytes, detection of subtle differences in isotopic patterns, and separation of isobaric interferences. HRMS delivers high sensitivity and specificity across a broad mass range, making it an invaluable tool for detailed molecular characterisation and quantitative analysis in diverse research and clinical applications.