{"id":560,"date":"2021-09-17T10:23:29","date_gmt":"2021-09-17T09:23:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/childrens-vision\/?page_id=560"},"modified":"2021-09-17T10:23:29","modified_gmt":"2021-09-17T09:23:29","slug":"the-euscreen-study-how-cost-effective-is-photorefraction","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/childrens-vision\/ophthalmologists-orthoptists-optometrists\/the-euscreen-study-how-cost-effective-is-photorefraction\/","title":{"rendered":"The EUscreen study &#8211; How cost-effective is photorefraction?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Scope and costs of autorefraction and photoscreening for childhood\u00a0<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.08px\">amblyopia \u2013 a systematic narrative review in relation to the EUSCREEN project data.<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.08px\">\u00a0<\/span><strong style=\"letter-spacing: 0.08px\"> \u00a0 Horwood A, Griffiths HJ, Carlton J,\u00a0<\/strong><strong style=\"letter-spacing: 0.08px\">Mazzone P, Channa A, Nordmann M, Simonsz H, on behalf of The\u00a0<\/strong><strong>EUSCREEN Foundation<\/strong>\u00a0<em>Eye<\/em> 2020 Epub 30.11.2020 \u00a0<em>Eye<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-020-01261-8\">View Paper\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Photoscreening for refractive risk factors for amblyopia is widely reported but rarely compared with alternatives such as VA screening<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Photoscreening may result in early detection and treatment of amblyopia, but evidence of better long term outcomes is surprisingly weak<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Early referral from photoscreening increases costs (and so reduces cost-effectiveness) due to longer treatment and observation time and more false referrals<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Later VA screening seems the most cost-effective option<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"Abs1\" class=\"c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item\">Abstract<\/h2>\n<div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\">\n<h3 class=\"c-article__sub-heading\" data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background<\/h3>\n<p>Amblyopia screening can target reduced visual acuity (VA), its refractive risk factors, or both. VA testing is imprecise under 4 years of age, so automated risk-factor photoscreening appears an attractive option. This review considers photoscreening used in community services, focusing on costs, cost-effectiveness and scope of use, compared with EUSCREEN project Country Reports describing how photo- and automated screening is used internationally.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"c-article__sub-heading\" data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods<\/h3>\n<p>A systematic narrative review was carried out of all English language photoscreening literature to September 10th 2018, using publicly available search terms. Where costs were considered, a CASP economic evaluation checklist was used to assess data quality.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"c-article__sub-heading\" data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results<\/h3>\n<p>Of 370 abstracts reviewed, 55 reported large-scale community photoscreening projects. Five addressed cost-effectiveness specifically, without original data. Photoscreening was a stand-alone, single, test event in 71% of projects. In contrast, 25 of 45 EUSCREEN Country Reports showed that if adopted, photoscreening often supplements other tests in established programmes and is\u00a0rarely used as a stand-alone test. Reported costs varied widely and evidence of cost-effectiveness was sparse in the literature, or in international practice. Only eight (13%) papers compared the diagnostic accuracy or cost-effectiveness of photoscreening and VA testing, and when they did, cost-effectiveness of photoscreening compared unfavourably.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"c-article__sub-heading\" data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Discussion<\/h3>\n<p>Evidence that photoscreening reduces amblyopia or strabismus prevalence or improves overall outcomes is weak, as is evidence of cost-effectiveness, compared to later VA screening. Currently, the most cost-effective option seems to be a later, expert VA screening with the opportunity for a re-test before referral.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Scope and costs of autorefraction and photoscreening for childhood\u00a0amblyopia \u2013 a systematic narrative review in relation to the EUSCREEN project data.\u00a0 \u00a0 Horwood A, Griffiths HJ, Carlton J,\u00a0Mazzone P, Channa&#8230;<a class=\"read-more\" href=\"&#104;&#116;&#116;&#112;&#115;&#58;&#47;&#47;&#114;&#101;&#115;&#101;&#97;&#114;&#99;&#104;&#46;&#114;&#101;&#97;&#100;&#105;&#110;&#103;&#46;&#97;&#99;&#46;&#117;&#107;&#47;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#108;&#100;&#114;&#101;&#110;&#115;&#45;&#118;&#105;&#115;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#47;&#111;&#112;&#104;&#116;&#104;&#97;&#108;&#109;&#111;&#108;&#111;&#103;&#105;&#115;&#116;&#115;&#45;&#111;&#114;&#116;&#104;&#111;&#112;&#116;&#105;&#115;&#116;&#115;&#45;&#111;&#112;&#116;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#116;&#114;&#105;&#115;&#116;&#115;&#47;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#45;&#101;&#117;&#115;&#99;&#114;&#101;&#101;&#110;&#45;&#115;&#116;&#117;&#100;&#121;&#45;&#104;&#111;&#119;&#45;&#99;&#111;&#115;&#116;&#45;&#101;&#102;&#102;&#101;&#99;&#116;&#105;&#118;&#101;&#45;&#105;&#115;&#45;&#112;&#104;&#111;&#116;&#111;&#114;&#101;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#47;\">Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":0,"parent":75,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-560","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The EUscreen study - How cost-effective is photorefraction? 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