{"id":1393,"date":"2019-02-20T12:28:49","date_gmt":"2019-02-20T12:28:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/christoslab.wordpress.com\/?p=1393"},"modified":"2021-12-14T13:08:40","modified_gmt":"2021-12-14T13:08:40","slug":"new-theoretical-paper-on-structural-plasticity-in-the-bilingual-brain-in-bilingualism-language-and-cognition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/new-theoretical-paper-on-structural-plasticity-in-the-bilingual-brain-in-bilingualism-language-and-cognition\/","title":{"rendered":"New theoretical paper on structural plasticity in the bilingual brain, in Bilingualism: Language and Cognition"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pliatsikas, C. (in press): Understanding structural plasticity in the bilingual brain: The Dynamic Restructuring Model<\/p>\n<p>To access, click <a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1_ofoNmcfWgr2RMt021hIniQ4v37IhSXO\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Abstract:<\/p>\n<p>Research on the effects of bi-\/multilingualism on brain structure has so far yielded variable patterns. Although it cannot be disputed that learning and using additional languages restructures grey (cortical, subcortical and cerebellar) and white matter in the brain, both increases and reductions in regional volume and diffusivity have been reported. This paper revisits the available evidence from simultaneous and sequential bilinguals, multilinguals, interpreters, bimodal bilinguals, children, patients and healthy older adults from the perspective of experience-based neuroplasticity. The Dynamic Restructuring Model (DRM) is then presented, a three-stage model accounting for, and reinterpreting, all the available evidence by proposing a time-course for the reported structural adaptations, and by suggesting that these adaptations are dynamic and depend on the quantity and quality of the language learning and switching experience. This is followed by suggestions for future directions for the emerging field of bilingualism-induced neuroplasticity.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1394\" src=\"https:\/\/christoslab.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/02\/figure-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1\" width=\"3600\" height=\"2016\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/269\/2019\/02\/figure-1.png 3600w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/269\/2019\/02\/figure-1-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/269\/2019\/02\/figure-1-1024x573.png 1024w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/269\/2019\/02\/figure-1-768x430.png 768w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/269\/2019\/02\/figure-1-1536x860.png 1536w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/269\/2019\/02\/figure-1-2048x1147.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3600px) 100vw, 3600px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pliatsikas, C. (in press): Understanding structural plasticity in the bilingual brain: The Dynamic Restructuring Model To access, click here Abstract: Research on the effects of bi-\/multilingualism on brain structure has&#8230;<a class=\"read-more\" href=\"&#104;&#116;&#116;&#112;&#115;&#58;&#47;&#47;&#114;&#101;&#115;&#101;&#97;&#114;&#99;&#104;&#46;&#114;&#101;&#97;&#100;&#105;&#110;&#103;&#46;&#97;&#99;&#46;&#117;&#107;&#47;&#99;&#104;&#114;&#105;&#115;&#116;&#111;&#115;&#45;&#108;&#97;&#98;&#47;&#110;&#101;&#119;&#45;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#111;&#114;&#101;&#116;&#105;&#99;&#97;&#108;&#45;&#112;&#97;&#112;&#101;&#114;&#45;&#111;&#110;&#45;&#115;&#116;&#114;&#117;&#99;&#116;&#117;&#114;&#97;&#108;&#45;&#112;&#108;&#97;&#115;&#116;&#105;&#99;&#105;&#116;&#121;&#45;&#105;&#110;&#45;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#45;&#98;&#105;&#108;&#105;&#110;&#103;&#117;&#97;&#108;&#45;&#98;&#114;&#97;&#105;&#110;&#45;&#105;&#110;&#45;&#98;&#105;&#108;&#105;&#110;&#103;&#117;&#97;&#108;&#105;&#115;&#109;&#45;&#108;&#97;&#110;&#103;&#117;&#97;&#103;&#101;&#45;&#97;&#110;&#100;&#45;&#99;&#111;&#103;&#110;&#105;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#47;\">Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":615,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8,13],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-1393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>New theoretical paper on structural plasticity in the bilingual brain, in Bilingualism: Language and Cognition - Bilingualism in The Brain<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/new-theoretical-paper-on-structural-plasticity-in-the-bilingual-brain-in-bilingualism-language-and-cognition\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New theoretical paper on structural plasticity in the bilingual brain, in Bilingualism: Language and Cognition - Bilingualism in The Brain\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pliatsikas, C. (in press): Understanding structural plasticity in the bilingual brain: The Dynamic Restructuring Model To access, click here Abstract: Research on the effects of bi-\/multilingualism on brain structure has...Read More &gt;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/new-theoretical-paper-on-structural-plasticity-in-the-bilingual-brain-in-bilingualism-language-and-cognition\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bilingualism in The Brain\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bilingualisminthebrainlab\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-02-20T12:28:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-12-14T13:08:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/christoslab.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/02\/figure-1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Christos Pliatsikas\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Christos_lab\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Christos Pliatsikas\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/new-theoretical-paper-on-structural-plasticity-in-the-bilingual-brain-in-bilingualism-language-and-cognition\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/new-theoretical-paper-on-structural-plasticity-in-the-bilingual-brain-in-bilingualism-language-and-cognition\/\",\"name\":\"New theoretical paper on structural plasticity in the bilingual brain, in Bilingualism: Language and Cognition - Bilingualism in The Brain\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2019-02-20T12:28:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-12-14T13:08:40+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/#\/schema\/person\/9ce4dbf020fa398b7f19c8646452471d\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/new-theoretical-paper-on-structural-plasticity-in-the-bilingual-brain-in-bilingualism-language-and-cognition\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/new-theoretical-paper-on-structural-plasticity-in-the-bilingual-brain-in-bilingualism-language-and-cognition\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/new-theoretical-paper-on-structural-plasticity-in-the-bilingual-brain-in-bilingualism-language-and-cognition\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"New theoretical paper on structural plasticity in the bilingual brain, in Bilingualism: Language and Cognition\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/\",\"name\":\"Bilingualism in The Brain\",\"description\":\"Christos Pliatsikas&#039;s lab at the University of Reading\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/#\/schema\/person\/9ce4dbf020fa398b7f19c8646452471d\",\"name\":\"Christos Pliatsikas\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/2e3b2e2764ccee3396b979693fdb4260\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/36d42f4686a3cbab2ecee3028d7569733e1a2a82dce00ececef13357a8b0a668?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/36d42f4686a3cbab2ecee3028d7569733e1a2a82dce00ececef13357a8b0a668?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Christos Pliatsikas\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.reading.ac.uk\/pcls\/staff\/christos-pliatsikas\",\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bilingualisminthebrainlab\/\",\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Christos_lab\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/author\/rp729383reading-ac-uk\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"New theoretical paper on structural plasticity in the bilingual brain, in Bilingualism: Language and Cognition - Bilingualism in The Brain","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/new-theoretical-paper-on-structural-plasticity-in-the-bilingual-brain-in-bilingualism-language-and-cognition\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"New theoretical paper on structural plasticity in the bilingual brain, in Bilingualism: Language and Cognition - Bilingualism in The Brain","og_description":"Pliatsikas, C. (in press): Understanding structural plasticity in the bilingual brain: The Dynamic Restructuring Model To access, click here Abstract: Research on the effects of bi-\/multilingualism on brain structure has...Read More >","og_url":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/new-theoretical-paper-on-structural-plasticity-in-the-bilingual-brain-in-bilingualism-language-and-cognition\/","og_site_name":"Bilingualism in The Brain","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bilingualisminthebrainlab\/","article_published_time":"2019-02-20T12:28:49+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-12-14T13:08:40+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/christoslab.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/02\/figure-1.png"}],"author":"Christos Pliatsikas","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@Christos_lab","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Christos Pliatsikas","Estimated reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/new-theoretical-paper-on-structural-plasticity-in-the-bilingual-brain-in-bilingualism-language-and-cognition\/","url":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/new-theoretical-paper-on-structural-plasticity-in-the-bilingual-brain-in-bilingualism-language-and-cognition\/","name":"New theoretical paper on structural plasticity in the bilingual brain, in Bilingualism: Language and Cognition - Bilingualism in The Brain","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/#website"},"datePublished":"2019-02-20T12:28:49+00:00","dateModified":"2021-12-14T13:08:40+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/#\/schema\/person\/9ce4dbf020fa398b7f19c8646452471d"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/new-theoretical-paper-on-structural-plasticity-in-the-bilingual-brain-in-bilingualism-language-and-cognition\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/new-theoretical-paper-on-structural-plasticity-in-the-bilingual-brain-in-bilingualism-language-and-cognition\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/new-theoretical-paper-on-structural-plasticity-in-the-bilingual-brain-in-bilingualism-language-and-cognition\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"New theoretical paper on structural plasticity in the bilingual brain, in Bilingualism: Language and Cognition"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/#website","url":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/","name":"Bilingualism in The Brain","description":"Christos Pliatsikas&#039;s lab at the University of Reading","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/#\/schema\/person\/9ce4dbf020fa398b7f19c8646452471d","name":"Christos Pliatsikas","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/2e3b2e2764ccee3396b979693fdb4260","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/36d42f4686a3cbab2ecee3028d7569733e1a2a82dce00ececef13357a8b0a668?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/36d42f4686a3cbab2ecee3028d7569733e1a2a82dce00ececef13357a8b0a668?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Christos Pliatsikas"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.reading.ac.uk\/pcls\/staff\/christos-pliatsikas","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bilingualisminthebrainlab\/","https:\/\/twitter.com\/Christos_lab"],"url":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/author\/rp729383reading-ac-uk\/"}]}},"cc_featured_image_caption":{"caption_text":false,"source_text":false,"source_url":false},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1393","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/615"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1393"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1393\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1789,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1393\/revisions\/1789"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1393"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1393"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1393"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/christos-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1393"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}