{"id":727,"date":"2021-03-12T07:24:26","date_gmt":"2021-03-12T07:24:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/coca-cocaine-bolivia-peru\/?p=727"},"modified":"2021-03-12T07:24:26","modified_gmt":"2021-03-12T07:24:26","slug":"new-article-by-maritza-paredes-the-origins-of-illegal-coca-cultivation-in-perus-alto-huallaga-valley","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/coca-cocaine-bolivia-peru\/new-article-by-maritza-paredes-the-origins-of-illegal-coca-cultivation-in-perus-alto-huallaga-valley\/","title":{"rendered":"New article by Maritza Paredes: the Origins of Illegal Coca Cultivation in Peru’s Alto Huallaga Valley"},"content":{"rendered":"

Paredes, M., & Manrique, H. (2021). The State’s Developmentalist Illusion and the Origins of Illegal Coca Cultivation in Peru’s Alto Huallaga Valley (1960\u201380).\u00a0Journal of Latin American Studies,<\/i>\u00a01-23. doi:10.1017\/S0022216X21000225<\/p>\n

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Abstract<\/h2>\n
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The origin of illicit economies has been understood as a consequence of \u2018low stateness\u2019 (i.e. low reach of the state). Given the limited stateness in many regions, however, this article seeks to explain how only some sub-national territories have become vulnerable to illegal drug trafficking. To make this case, the representative example of the Alto Huallaga valley, in the Peruvian Amazon, is analysed. This article argues that ineffective development and settlement efforts by the Peruvian state in the Alto Huallaga, rather than the absence of the state, produced socio-ecological conditions in the region, in the late 1970s, that made it more vulnerable to the illegal economy. At the same time as international demand for illegal cocaine was expanding, two conditions resulting from frustrated state development plans came together: an enclave of poor peasants who were not self-sufficient and a natural environment impoverished by soil degradation and intensive deforestation, paradoxically not suitable for any crop except coca.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Spanish abstract<\/h2>\n
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El origen de las econom\u00edas il\u00edcitas ha sido entendido como una consecuencia de la baja estatalidad. Sin embargo, dada la baja estatalidad en muchos territorios, este art\u00edculo busca explicar c\u00f3mo solo algunos territorios subnacionales se han vuelto vulnerables al tr\u00e1fico il\u00edcito de drogas. Para ello, se analiza la formaci\u00f3n del emblem\u00e1tico caso del Alto Huallaga en la Amazon\u00eda del Per\u00fa. El art\u00edculo sostiene que los infructuosos esfuerzos desarrollistas y de colonizaci\u00f3n del Estado peruano en el Alto Huallaga, y no su ausencia, produjeron condiciones socio-ecol\u00f3gicas en el territorio a fines de los 70 que lo hizo vulnerable a la ilegalidad. Al mismo tiempo que se expand\u00eda la demanda internacional por coca\u00edna ilegal, se ensamblaban de forma efectiva y temporal en el territorio dos condiciones producidas por el desarrollismo estatal frustrado: un enclave de campesinos pobres sin autonom\u00eda productiva y una ecolog\u00eda devastada por la degradaci\u00f3n de suelos e intensiva deforestaci\u00f3n, parad\u00f3jicamente apta para casi ning\u00fan cultivo, excepto la coca.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Portuguese abstract<\/h2>\n
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A origem das economias il\u00edcitas tem sido entendida como uma consequ\u00eancia da fraca presen\u00e7a do Estado. Entretanto, dada a fraca presen\u00e7a de estado em muitos territ\u00f3rios, este artigo procura explicar como apenas alguns territ\u00f3rios subnacionais tornam-se vulner\u00e1veis ao tr\u00e1fico il\u00edcito de drogas. Para isso, o artigo analisa o caso emblem\u00e1tico do Alto Huallaga na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana. O artigo argumenta que foram os esfor\u00e7os mal sucedidos de desenvolvimento e coloniza\u00e7\u00e3o do estado peruano no territ\u00f3rio do Alto Huallaga no final dos anos 70, e n\u00e3o sua aus\u00eancia, que produziram as condi\u00e7\u00f5es socioecol\u00f3gicas que o tornaram vulner\u00e1vel \u00e0 ilegalidade. Ao mesmo tempo em que a demanda internacional por coca\u00edna ilegal se expandiu, duas condi\u00e7\u00f5es produzidas pelo desenvolvimentismo estatal frustrado foram efetiva e temporariamente reunidas neste territ\u00f3rio: um enclave de camponeses pobres sem autonomia produtiva e uma ecologia devastada pela degrada\u00e7\u00e3o do solo e pelo desmatamento intensivo, paradoxalmente inadequado para quase toda cultura, exceto a coca.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Paredes, M., & Manrique, H. (2021). The State’s Developmentalist Illusion and the Origins of Illegal Coca Cultivation in Peru’s Alto Huallaga Valley (1960\u201380).\u00a0Journal of Latin American Studies,\u00a01-23. doi:10.1017\/S0022216X21000225 Abstract The…Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":266,"featured_media":226,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"coauthors":[6],"class_list":["post-727","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorised"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNew article by Maritza Paredes: the Origins of Illegal Coca Cultivation in Peru's Alto Huallaga Valley - Drug Crops and Development in the Andes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/coca-cocaine-bolivia-peru\/new-article-by-maritza-paredes-the-origins-of-illegal-coca-cultivation-in-perus-alto-huallaga-valley\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New article by Maritza Paredes: the Origins of Illegal Coca Cultivation in Peru's Alto Huallaga Valley - Drug Crops and Development in the Andes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Paredes, M., & Manrique, H. 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