{"id":265,"date":"2019-03-05T14:42:34","date_gmt":"2019-03-05T14:42:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/conscientious-objection-in-health-care-declaration\/?page_id=265"},"modified":"2019-03-06T10:00:35","modified_gmt":"2019-03-06T10:00:35","slug":"preconisations-politiques","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/conscientious-objection-in-health-care-declaration\/preconisations-politiques\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00e9conisations politiques"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n\t

\"Union\u00a0\u00a0English version<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Les conventions et trait\u00e9s internationaux en vigueur n\u2019ont pas mis en place, en mati\u00e8re de libert\u00e9 de conscience et de religion, de protection l\u00e9gale concr\u00e8te qui soit \u00e0 la hauteur de l\u2019admirable clart\u00e9 de leurs d\u00e9clarations de principe. Nous proposons que le Royaume Uni, l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne et tous les \u00c9tats o\u00f9 la libert\u00e9 de conscience et de religion est menac\u00e9e adoptent des mesures explicites de protection l\u00e9gale<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
  2. Cette protection l\u00e9gale devrait affirmer que les libert\u00e9s de conscience et de religion sont des droits fondamentaux dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 libre, et que d\u2019autres droits peuvent leur \u00eatre \u00e9quivalents mais jamais sup\u00e9rieurs.<\/li>\n
  3. Elle devrait aussi affirmer que les convictions d\u2019un objecteur de conscience en ce qui concerne la pratique ou l\u2019acte\u00a0qu\u2019il refuse sont pr\u00e9sum\u00e9es sinc\u00e8res<\/em>, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 preuve du contraire.<\/li>\n
  4. La protection de la conscience peut \u00eatre codifi\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re plus ou moins contraignante. Un mod\u00e8le possible de protection l\u00e9gale \u2013 qu\u2019aucun signataire de la pr\u00e9sente D\u00e9claration ne saurait \u00eatre pr\u00e9sum\u00e9 adopter comme solution d\u00e9finitive \u2013 est fourni par la Loi de restauration de la libert\u00e9 religieuse<\/em> adopt\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis en 1993 (Religious Freedom Restoration Act<\/em> 1993). Cette loi interdit au gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral d\u2019imposer des \u00ab\u00a0restrictions substantielles\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 religieuse (et \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de conscience) s\u2019il ne peut \u00eatre \u00e9tabli que ces restrictions (a)<\/em> sont justifi\u00e9es par un \u00ab\u00a0int\u00e9r\u00eat sup\u00e9rieur du gouvernement\u00a0\u00bb, et (b)<\/em> constituent \u00ab\u00a0le moyen le moins restrictif\u00a0\u00bb de prot\u00e9ger cet int\u00e9r\u00eat sup\u00e9rieur.<\/li>\n
  5. Le crit\u00e8re du \u00ab\u00a0moyen le moins restrictif\u00a0\u00bb, ou un crit\u00e8re \u00e9quivalent, devrait \u00eatre explicit\u00e9 de la mani\u00e8re suivante\u00a0: aucune restriction substantielle ne peut \u00eatre interpr\u00e9t\u00e9e par un tribunal comme le moyen le moins restrictif de prot\u00e9ger un int\u00e9r\u00eat sup\u00e9rieur du gouvernement s\u2019il existe d\u00e9j\u00e0, dans le secteur public ou priv\u00e9, des m\u00e9canismes permettant de prot\u00e9ger cet int\u00e9r\u00eat sans imposer de restrictions substantielles \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019un objecteur de conscience.<\/li>\n
  6. En outre, la d\u00e9finition des \u00ab\u00a0restrictions substantielles\u00a0\u00bb devrait \u00eatre explicit\u00e9e de la mani\u00e8re suivante\u00a0: peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une restriction substantielle de la\u00a0libert\u00e9 de conscience et de religion le fait de contraindre une personne (physique ou morale) \u00e0 coop\u00e9rer<\/em> \u00e0 un acte auquel elle s\u2019oppose pour des raisons de conscience.<\/li>\n
  7. Certaines formes de coop\u00e9ration ou de complicit\u00e9 avec des actes que la personne r\u00e9prouve pour raisons de conscience sont elles-m\u00eames incompatibles avec le respect de la conscience de cette personne. Ne pas les prot\u00e9ger contre la contrainte l\u00e9gale devrait \u00eatre regard\u00e9 comme une violation de la libert\u00e9 de conscience. D\u2019autres formes de coop\u00e9ration, en revanche, peuvent \u00eatre raisonnablement consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme l\u00e9gitimes et non comme des violations de la libert\u00e9 de conscience. Il y a un \u00e9quilibre \u00e0 trouver. Nous en appelons donc aux tribunaux de toutes les juridictions o\u00f9 la protection l\u00e9gale que nous pr\u00e9conisons sera adopt\u00e9e, afin qu\u2019ils d\u00e9veloppent une jurisprudence de la coop\u00e9ration<\/em>. Celle-ci devra permettre de d\u00e9terminer si une personne peut raisonnablement coop\u00e9rer \u00e0 un acte auquel elle est oppos\u00e9e pour raisons de conscience.<\/li>\n
  8. La protection l\u00e9gale envisag\u00e9e devrait en outre inclure les pr\u00e9cisions suivantes concernant \u00ab\u00a0l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat sup\u00e9rieur du gouvernement\u00a0\u00bb. (1) L\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat du gouvernement n\u2019est pas sup\u00e9rieur du seul fait qu\u2019il est jug\u00e9 tel par le gouvernement. (2) L\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat du gouvernement n\u2019est pas sup\u00e9rieur du seul fait qu\u2019un quelconque groupe\u00a0politique, financier ou m\u00e9diatique le juge tel.<\/li>\n
  9. Les objecteurs de conscience, plut\u00f4t que d\u2019\u00eatre oblig\u00e9s de se justifier devant les tribunaux, avec la pr\u00e9somption d\u00e9favorable envers les droits de la conscience que cela implique, devraient \u00eatre libres d\u2019expliquer<\/em>, sans chercher n\u00e9cessairement \u00e0 convaincre, les raisons de leurs objections aux patients, employeurs ou coll\u00e8gues de travail. La loi devrait cependant requ\u00e9rir de l\u2019objecteur de conscience qu\u2019il r\u00e9dige une d\u00e9claration formelle exposant la nature et les motifs de l\u2019objection, \u00e0 d\u00e9poser aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019organisme public comp\u00e9tent.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Signer la D\u00e9claration de soutien \u00e0 l\u2019objection de conscience dans les professions de sant\u00e9<\/h2>\n

    Manifester votre soutien en signant la d\u00e9claration<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

    \n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tIntroduction\t\t<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>
    \n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tPr\u00e9ambule\t\t<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>
    \n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tD\u00e9claration\t\t<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>
    \n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSigner la D\u00e9claration\t\t<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>
    \n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tListe des signataires\t\t<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>
    \n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tPr\u00e9conisations politiques\t\t<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>
    \n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tQuestions fr\u00e9quentes\t\t<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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