{"id":463,"date":"2021-05-26T12:05:29","date_gmt":"2021-05-26T11:05:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/?p=463"},"modified":"2021-05-28T11:31:46","modified_gmt":"2021-05-28T10:31:46","slug":"design-choices-in-diagrams-for-lft-instructions-results-from-user-feedback","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/design-choices-in-diagrams-for-lft-instructions-results-from-user-feedback\/","title":{"rendered":"Design choices in diagrams for LFT instructions: results from user feedback"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>We asked members of our panel to give us feedback on a set of diagrams for Lateral Flow Tests for COVID-19. We showed them diagrams differing in the type of arrows used, drawing style and number of hands used.<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>We are exploring graphic approaches in diagrams for key action steps in COVID-19 tests using lateral flow tests (LFTs). In order to improve instructional diagrams for test&#8217;s instructions, we asked members of our panel to explain the meaning of a set of diagrams, and to tell us their preference between alternative approaches. 14 people participated (7 women and 7 men), who were between 27 and 81 years old.<\/p>\n<p>In a survey, we showed them different versions of diagrams, in which we explored:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Arrow style: the same action represented with arrows with different stems and tails<\/li>\n<li>Drawing styles: the same action represented in shaded, sketchy and iconic drawing styles<\/li>\n<li>Hands in diagrams: diagrams with no hands, one hand or two hands performing the action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>We wanted to find out about the accuracy of different arrow styles to convey two different actions (rotation and squeeze), the appropriateness of different drawing styles for COVID-19 test instructions, and about the usefulness of hand depictions in instructional diagrams.<\/p>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h3>What we learnt about arrow style<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The arrow style can lead to interpretations about the type of motion (<em>&#8216;twist&#8217;, &#8216;stir&#8217;, &#8216;whisk&#8217;, &#8216;spin&#8217;<\/em>), force applied, etc, but there is no conventional way to encode or interpret this.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"TextRun Highlight BCX9 SCXP8715353\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX9 SCXP8715353\">Stylistic choices for arrows affect\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun Highlight BCX9 SCXP8715353\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX9 SCXP8715353\">how people think they should\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun Highlight BCX9 SCXP8715353\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX9 SCXP8715353\">perform the action.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li>The arrows drawn in perspective or in 3D were better to represent an action in a three-dimensional space.<\/li>\n<li>There was clear preference for alternatives with ghosted shapes. This suggested that\u00a0<span class=\"TextRun BCX9 SCXP236249887\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX9 SCXP236249887\">this may be\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun MacChromeBold BCX9 SCXP236249887\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX9 SCXP236249887\">more a\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun MacChromeBold BCX9 SCXP236249887\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX9 SCXP236249887\">more effective way<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun BCX9 SCXP236249887\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX9 SCXP236249887\">\u00a0to communicate the action in the diagram<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun BCX9 SCXP236249887\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX9 SCXP236249887\">.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong style=\"letter-spacing: 0.08px\"><span style=\"color: #333399\">Arrows for &#8216;Rotate the swab&#8217;<\/span>.\u00a0<\/strong><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.08px\">C and D were preferred over A and B. All the options conveyed a \u2018rotation\u2019 action overall, but while A and B could be interpreted as \u2018up and down\u2019 or \u2018back and forth\u2019, D had an added focus on multiple rotations.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-470 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/178\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-17-at-14.17.49.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"675\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/178\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-17-at-14.17.49.png 966w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/178\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-17-at-14.17.49-300x237.png 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/178\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-17-at-14.17.49-768x607.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 675px) 100vw, 675px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #333399\">Arrows for &#8216;Squeeze the tube&#8217;<\/span>.\u00a0<\/strong><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.08px\">There was a clear preference for B, which seemed to be the best for indicating movement. The arrow styles in\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.08px\">B, C and D could be interpreted as saying something about the amount of force applied (more force than the others, or increasing force as you squeeze).<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-471 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/178\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-17-at-14.18.03.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"731\" height=\"476\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/178\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-17-at-14.18.03.png 1088w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/178\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-17-at-14.18.03-300x195.png 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/178\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-17-at-14.18.03-1024x666.png 1024w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/178\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-17-at-14.18.03-768x500.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 731px) 100vw, 731px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #333399\">Ghosted shapes<\/span><\/strong>. 13\/14\u00a0people preferred a diagram showing the swab in ghosted form.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-477 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/178\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-17-at-14.17.57.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"707\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/178\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-17-at-14.17.57.png 878w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/178\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-17-at-14.17.57-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/178\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-17-at-14.17.57-768x581.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 707px) 100vw, 707px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>What we learnt about drawing styles<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>A linear style supports enough detail, while also being simple enough.<\/li>\n<li>The shading doesn&#8217;t seem to add valuable information for readers. Instead, it may clutter the illustration and give objects and unwanted appearance to readers.<\/li>\n<li>Although they may be visually striking, oversimplified illustrations fail to provide information about &#8216;how&#8217; to perform the action. They may be useful to signal generic tasks that viewers are familiar with. However, users doing more specific actions, for example handling of kit parts, may require more detail.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><span style=\"color: #333399\"><strong>Drawing styles.<\/strong><\/span> 12\/14 people preferred a linear style.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-481 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/178\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-17-at-14.18.12.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"635\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/178\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-17-at-14.18.12.png 878w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/178\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-17-at-14.18.12-300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/178\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-17-at-14.18.12-768x516.png 768w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/178\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-17-at-14.18.12-272x182.png 272w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 635px) 100vw, 635px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>What we learnt about hands in diagrams<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"TextRun BCX9 SCXP48521058\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX9 SCXP48521058\">Including both hands in diagrams is an effective way to embody the action, and provide useful information for viewers.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"TextRun BCX9 SCXP48521058\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX9 SCXP48521058\">However, designers should consider that\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun BCX9 SCXP48521058\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX9 SCXP48521058\">including 1 or 2 hands changes the scale\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun BCX9 SCXP48521058\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX9 SCXP48521058\">at which the tube can be shown, and\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun BCX9 SCXP48521058\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX9 SCXP48521058\">may worsen the legibility of the diagram.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #333399\">Hands in diagrams<\/span><\/strong>.\u00a0There was clear preference for d<span class=\"TextRun MacChromeBold BCX9 SCXP14856267\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX9 SCXP14856267\">iagrams with 2 hands\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun BCX9 SCXP14856267\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX9 SCXP14856267\">(12\/14).\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-484 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/178\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-25-at-11.37.58.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"642\" height=\"343\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/178\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-25-at-11.37.58.png 769w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/178\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-25-at-11.37.58-300x160.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Thank you to our panel members for your feedback!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We asked members of our panel to give us feedback on a set of diagrams for Lateral Flow Tests for COVID-19. We showed them diagrams differing in the type of&#8230;<a class=\"read-more\" href=\"&#104;&#116;&#116;&#112;&#115;&#58;&#47;&#47;&#114;&#101;&#115;&#101;&#97;&#114;&#99;&#104;&#46;&#114;&#101;&#97;&#100;&#105;&#110;&#103;&#46;&#97;&#99;&#46;&#117;&#107;&#47;&#100;&#101;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#110;&#45;&#114;&#101;&#115;&#101;&#97;&#114;&#99;&#104;&#45;&#102;&#111;&#114;&#45;&#116;&#101;&#115;&#116;&#105;&#110;&#103;&#45;&#100;&#105;&#97;&#103;&#110;&#111;&#115;&#116;&#105;&#99;&#115;&#47;&#100;&#101;&#115;&#105;&#103;&#110;&#45;&#99;&#104;&#111;&#105;&#99;&#101;&#115;&#45;&#105;&#110;&#45;&#100;&#105;&#97;&#103;&#114;&#97;&#109;&#115;&#45;&#102;&#111;&#114;&#45;&#108;&#102;&#116;&#45;&#105;&#110;&#115;&#116;&#114;&#117;&#99;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#115;&#45;&#114;&#101;&#115;&#117;&#108;&#116;&#115;&#45;&#102;&#114;&#111;&#109;&#45;&#117;&#115;&#101;&#114;&#45;&#102;&#101;&#101;&#100;&#98;&#97;&#99;&#107;&#47;\">Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":317,"featured_media":487,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"coauthors":[11],"class_list":["post-463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Design choices in diagrams for LFT instructions: results from user feedback - Testing, Diagnostics and Design Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/design-research-for-testing-diagnostics\/design-choices-in-diagrams-for-lft-instructions-results-from-user-feedback\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Design choices in diagrams for LFT instructions: results from user feedback - Testing, Diagnostics and Design Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"We asked members of our panel to give us feedback on a set of diagrams for Lateral Flow Tests for COVID-19. 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