{"id":1977,"date":"2026-03-05T13:10:52","date_gmt":"2026-03-05T13:10:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/?p=1977"},"modified":"2026-03-05T13:10:52","modified_gmt":"2026-03-05T13:10:52","slug":"durham-par-course-blog","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/durham-par-course-blog\/","title":{"rendered":"Durham PAR Course Blog"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]On the 12<sup>th<\/sup> &amp; 13<sup>th<\/sup> June last year, the Tower Hamlets community researchers, Shazna Hussain and Sajna Miah, and Shelley Taylor from the Brighton and Hove Food Partnership attended a Participatory Action Research (PAR) course led by Durham University\u2019s Centre for Social Justice and Community Action, Nine DTP (Doctoral Training in the Social Sciences) and the UK Participatory Research Network.<\/p>\n<p>The two-day course was designed \u2018to develop understanding and skills in the theory and practice of PAR.\u2019 The course covered \u2018key values, ethical\/political issues, theorizing and critiquing PAR, working with partner organisations to influence change, and participatory approaches to research design, process, analysis, dissemination and implementation.\u2019 Ten places were reserved for members of community organisations and Sajna and Sajna were among those selected to attend.<\/p>\n<p>The course was facilitated by a team of academic and community-based practitioners of PAR, with a variety of areas of expertise and experience, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Professor Sarah Banks, Centre for Social Justice and Community Action, Durham University<\/li>\n<li>Professor Mary Brydon Miller, University of Louisville, USA<\/li>\n<li>Professor Tina Cook, Liverpool Hope University<\/li>\n<li>Yvonne Hall, community researcher and<\/li>\n<li>Professor Kristin Kalsem, University of Cincinnati, USA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Here Shazna and Sajna reflect on what they learned from the sessions.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1979\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/186\/2026\/03\/Durham-blog1-300x288.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/186\/2026\/03\/Durham-blog1-300x288.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/186\/2026\/03\/Durham-blog1.jpg 312w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #3366ff\">Day 1<\/span><\/h1>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff\">Introduction<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Sarah Banks was leading the PAR course and welcomed everyone with an introduction and some ice breakers.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em><span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><strong>What is the Key to PAR?<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><em>When it comes to PAR the key thing to ask yourself is \u2018what is your aim?\u2019<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li>The action bit is the \u2018doing\u2019 to make a change.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>People should have an option about the way the research should go.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Collaboration with participants that need the change\/want the change so that you can learn from them about their needs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1981\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/186\/2026\/03\/Durham-blog2-300x256.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/186\/2026\/03\/Durham-blog2-300x256.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/186\/2026\/03\/Durham-blog2.jpg 419w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><em><strong>What does PAR mean?<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><em>\u00a0There are levels of participation in research (partnership &amp; power):<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Community-controlled and managed &#8211; no professional researcher involved.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Community-controlled with professional researcher \u2013 managed by and working for community groups.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Co-production \u2013 equal partnership between professional researchers and community members.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Controlled by professional researchers &#8211; but with greater or lesser degrees of community partnership.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1984\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/186\/2026\/03\/Durham-blog3-1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/186\/2026\/03\/Durham-blog3-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/186\/2026\/03\/Durham-blog3-1.jpg 744w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff\">Overview of participatory methods<\/span><\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><em>The role of Action Researchers is to work as a change agent.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Examples of research methods:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Adapting the traditional interviews<\/li>\n<li>Focus groups<\/li>\n<li>Statistics<\/li>\n<li>Participatory arts-based methods<\/li>\n<li>Photovoice<\/li>\n<li>Digital story telling<\/li>\n<li>Participatory diagramming<\/li>\n<li>Participatory theatre<\/li>\n<li>Short exercise using methods.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Funding follows the problem<\/strong><em>:<\/em> Mary talked about the negativity of saying \u2018fix this problem.\u2019 Instead, start with the good then expand &#8211; \u2018what do you want to improve?\u2019 Where there is a problem, that\u2019s where the funding goes and sometimes too many organisations are involved in trying to solve the same problem which can become overwhelming for the participants but also within organisations. It can be positive if organisations work collaboratively.<\/p>\n<p>There are many different methods of PAR, one of those covered was\u00a0the World Cafe method: this is like a focus group with smaller discussion groups around multiple tables, you would facilitate and listen in.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-1986\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/186\/2026\/03\/Durham-blog4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"271\" height=\"292\" \/>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]Principles for running the <strong>World Caf\u00e9 method<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Set the context<\/li>\n<li>Create a hospitable space<\/li>\n<li>Explore Questions that matter<\/li>\n<li>Encourage everyone\u2019s contribution<\/li>\n<li>Connect diverse perspectives<\/li>\n<li>Listen together for pattern and insights<\/li>\n<li>Share collective discoveries<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #3366ff\">Day 2<\/span><\/h1>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff\">Ethics in PAR<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Sarah and Mary discussed ethics in PAR and the practical issues for doctoral researchers and community organisations: partnership agreements, power and responsibility in research, building ethical practices into research and challenges in the research ethic approval process. Ethics are important and need to be reviewed and approved by the universities. It is a lengthy process and sometimes because you can\u2019t get the ethics through, research is abandoned.<\/p>\n<p><strong>You must think about:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Who owns the data?<\/li>\n<li>Allowing people to retract.<\/li>\n<li>Community groups can set up their own Ethics.<\/li>\n<li>Social change \u2013 who will it harm? Who will it benefit?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1991\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/186\/2026\/03\/Durham-blog5-1-300x295.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/186\/2026\/03\/Durham-blog5-1-300x295.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/186\/2026\/03\/Durham-blog5-1.jpg 740w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>They spoke about what qualities of character a community researcher should have.<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]You should develop a <strong>working agreement<\/strong> which should include the following and more:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Agreed set of ethical principles<\/li>\n<li>Communication platform<\/li>\n<li>Safety should be considered<\/li>\n<li>Agreed aims and objectives of the research<\/li>\n<li>Methods to be used<\/li>\n<li>Identify training needs<\/li>\n<li>Job description<\/li>\n<li>Know what funding is available<\/li>\n<li>Budget for dissemination and time<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff\">Impact of PAR<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Sarah talked about the impact of PAR and <strong>pathways to impact<\/strong>. Things to be mindful of are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Intended and unintended impact<\/li>\n<li>Developing networks<\/li>\n<li>Stimulating ongoing actions \u2013 ripple effect<\/li>\n<li>Policy changes<\/li>\n<li>Formal partnerships<\/li>\n<li>Public engagement<\/li>\n<li>Dissemination<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ways of capturing and demonstrating impact could involve creating indicators as part of the research.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1994\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/186\/2026\/03\/Durham-blog6-300x244.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/186\/2026\/03\/Durham-blog6-300x244.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/186\/2026\/03\/Durham-blog6-768x626.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/186\/2026\/03\/Durham-blog6.jpg 832w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff\">Co-designing a PAR project: issues and challenges \u2013 Mary Brydon-Miller &amp; Sarah Banks<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Key learning:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Centring Community Engagement &#8211; spending time, listening to them before deciding anything. What&#8217;s important to them? What solutions do they want? Recognising community knowledge.<\/li>\n<li>Valuing Local Knowledge and Experience \u2013 learning from the locals, the history, the knowledge and be open to learning.<\/li>\n<li>Mobilise Additional Resources \u2013 traditional knowledge, understand that change that is happening, educating the children at school so that they can then go home and educate their parents.<\/li>\n<li>Fostering Meaningful Opportunities for Knowledge Exchange \u2013 share knowledge across the globe.<\/li>\n<li>Making Research Matter \u2013 it addresses a genuine problem, it provides opportunities for communities\u2019 voices that are often unheard to engage about issues that matter to them. It recognises the communities\u2019 strengths and build on them. It connects theory to practice in innovative ways. Research matters when we take responsibility for making a difference to the world.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff\">Participatory data analysis and interpretation<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Sarah asked, \u2018What counts as data?\u2019\u00a0 How is data generated? Are some types of data easy to analyse?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key Learning:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Start with data then identify themes. Think about what that theme would look like.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The goal of the data analysis in participatory research is to find meaning in the data for all the people that were involved in the research.<\/li>\n<li>There is no one \u2018right way\u2019 of making sense of the data collected, there will be a different meaning according to individual projects.<\/li>\n<li>The process of analysing data can be extremely lengthy and therefore the advice was to work in pairs or groups.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2018This is what we have started to do with our work, shredding our transcripts and trying to pull out themes and making sense of them.\u2019 (Shazna.)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Examples of data analysis<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Writing and reflection group<\/li>\n<li>Interview data and reflections from all community partners<\/li>\n<li>Drawing out key themes in pairs or small groups<\/li>\n<li>Using Post-it notes and grouping themes together<\/li>\n<li>Being critical \u2013 cross checking, questioning<\/li>\n<li>Deciding on a strategy \u2013 how, who, when?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1993\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/186\/2026\/03\/Durham-blog7-300x274.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/186\/2026\/03\/Durham-blog7-300x274.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/186\/2026\/03\/Durham-blog7.jpg 323w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff\">Disseminating Findings and processes of PAR \u2013 Sarah Banks and Kristin Kalsem\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Key learning:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When you are disseminating a PAR you need to consider who your audience is. This could be decision makers\/policy makers, the council, organisations. It could also be members of the public, academics, journalists, other people experiencing the same problem and funders.<\/p>\n<p>Different ways to disseminate research: reports, blogs, websites, articles, films, artwork, exhibition, conferences.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff\">Conclusion<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The course was rewarding for the CRs, Sajna explains that \u2018it was an educational experience for me to hear how PhD students worked on their research methods\u2026.To hear their own experience, challenges and how they overcame those obstacles with support.\u2019 The learning was a shared exchange, the CRs had the opportunity to share their experiences with local, national and international researchers &#8211; Sajna describes how \u2018We talked about the importance of cultural sensitivity with any research methods\u2026some students were interested in FoodSEqual work and our Food Lives project and said that they have learned from our findings.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]On the 12th &amp; 13th June last year, the Tower Hamlets community researchers, Shazna Hussain and Sajna Miah, and Shelley Taylor from the Brighton and Hove Food Partnership attended a&#8230;<a class=\"read-more\" href=\"&#104;&#116;&#116;&#112;&#115;&#58;&#47;&#47;&#114;&#101;&#115;&#101;&#97;&#114;&#99;&#104;&#46;&#114;&#101;&#97;&#100;&#105;&#110;&#103;&#46;&#97;&#99;&#46;&#117;&#107;&#47;&#102;&#111;&#111;&#100;&#45;&#115;&#121;&#115;&#116;&#101;&#109;&#115;&#45;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#108;&#105;&#116;&#121;&#47;&#100;&#117;&#114;&#104;&#97;&#109;&#45;&#112;&#97;&#114;&#45;&#99;&#111;&#117;&#114;&#115;&#101;&#45;&#98;&#108;&#111;&#103;&#47;\">Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":219,"featured_media":1981,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9,8,1],"tags":[],"coauthors":[61],"class_list":["post-1977","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-news","category-uncategorised"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Durham PAR Course Blog - Food Systems Equality<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/food-systems-equality\/durham-par-course-blog\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Durham PAR Course Blog - Food Systems Equality\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]On the 12th &amp; 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