{"id":1029,"date":"2019-12-13T04:32:48","date_gmt":"2019-12-13T04:32:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/?p=1029"},"modified":"2019-12-15T08:31:17","modified_gmt":"2019-12-15T08:31:17","slug":"adventbotany-2019-day-13-snow-white-and-rose-red","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2019\/12\/13\/adventbotany-2019-day-13-snow-white-and-rose-red\/","title":{"rendered":"#AdventBotany 2019 Day 13: Snow White and Rose Red"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1><strong>By <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/AuntieAmie\"><span class=\"css-901oao css-16my406 r-1qd0xha r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0\">Amie Bolissian-McRae<\/span><\/a><\/h1>\n<p>The rosewater used in our <a href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2019\/12\/12\/adventbotany-2019-day-12-let-it-snow-let-it-snow-let-it-snow\/\">sweet festive snow<\/a> was typically made from <em>Rosa gallica<\/em> L. or <em>Rosa damascena Mill. <\/em>(the Damask rose).<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-1029 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2019\/12\/13\/adventbotany-2019-day-13-snow-white-and-rose-red\/rosa_gallica_aurelianensis\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"218\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/Rosa_gallica_aurelianensis-218x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1046\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/Rosa_gallica_aurelianensis-218x300.jpg 218w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/Rosa_gallica_aurelianensis-745x1024.jpg 745w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/Rosa_gallica_aurelianensis-768x1056.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/Rosa_gallica_aurelianensis.jpg 872w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 218px) 100vw, 218px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1046'>\n\t\t\t\t<i>Rosa gallica<\/i> (Rosa &#8216;La Duchesse d&#8217;Orl\u00e9ans&#8217;), a painted engraving of a rose by Pierre-Joseph Redout\u00e9 (1759\u20131840). [Public domain]\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2019\/12\/13\/adventbotany-2019-day-13-snow-white-and-rose-red\/17072041749_593cff1f18_k\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"221\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/17072041749_593cff1f18_k-221x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1047\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/17072041749_593cff1f18_k-221x300.jpg 221w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/17072041749_593cff1f18_k-755x1024.jpg 755w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/17072041749_593cff1f18_k-768x1042.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/17072041749_593cff1f18_k-1132x1536.jpg 1132w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/17072041749_593cff1f18_k.jpg 1509w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 221px) 100vw, 221px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1047'>\n\t\t\t\t<i>Rosa damascena<\/i> from Pierre-Joseph Redout\u00e9 &#8220;Les Roses &#8211; Rosa Damascena&#8221; 1817-24 (By Plum Leaves CC-BY-2.0 https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/eoskins\/)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>Rosewater is something that, today, people in England often associate with Middle Eastern food. My own Armenian grandmother made her unsurpassable baklava with generous teaspoons of rosewater and orange-water. What is less well known is quite how popular a culinary ingredient rosewater was in 16<sup>th<\/sup> to 18<sup>th<\/sup> century recipes. It appeared in almost all desserts and many savoury dishes. As an example, the 1597 <em>booke of cookerie<\/em> suggested rosewater, cinnamon, ginger, cloves, and mace as the flavourings for its savoury \u2018Tart to provoke courage in either man or woman\u2019.<sup>1<\/sup> (The main ingredients were wine, burdock, eight egg yolks, and \u2018the braines of thr\u00e9e or fower cocke sparrowes\u2019, It remains unclear which was thought the active ingredient to promote bravery.) Rosewater was a ubiquitous ingredient found in merchants\u2019 and apothecary shops and it wasn\u2019t too tricky to make. In fact, I found very few actual recipes for rosewater in the printed and manuscript collections, which is likely down to how common the knowledge was for making flower waters. Two types of rosewater were likely. One was made by merely steeping the parts of the flower (petals, sepals, buds) in water, sometimes with a little alcohol, and the other was distilled. This would have been done using an alembic or \u2018Lembic\u2019 as they often called it. The recipe below, using a \u2018stillitory\u2019 is one of the more complex methods for making rosewater from the disturbingly titled 1651 published work, <em>Natura Extenturata<\/em>: <em>Nature Unbowelled<\/em>:<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u2018To make Rosewater for Damask-water<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Take red Roses and pick them from the buds, then take Lavender speck, Marjoram, and Basul, the leaves of each two handfuls, then take five or seven leaves of your Roses, and lay on them a little quantitie of Cyvet, then take Damask powder and straw between every range, then distill them in your Stillitory with a soft fire in\/s? anywise.\u2019<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_1030\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1030\" style=\"width: 625px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1030\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/alembic-625x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"625\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/alembic-625x1024.jpg 625w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/alembic-183x300.jpg 183w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/alembic.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 625px) 100vw, 625px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1030\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">17th-century alembic, furnace, bellows, and assorted flasks [DS0001] (The Oesper Collections in the History of Chemistry, Apparatus Museum, University of Cincinnati) <a href=\"https:\/\/digital.libraries.uc.edu\/about\/fairUse.html\">Fair use<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>Rosewaters such as this were also considered medicinal remedies. There was a distinct overlap between food and medicine during this period. They were both believed to have healthy or unhealthy effects on the body, and they were both prepared in very similar manners. Medicines were usually made with a variety of plants, herbs, spices, and chemicals and their preparation involved much of the same equipment as cooking, such as pestles and mortars. Not just apothecaries, but also lay healers and some women of means in this period had elaborate distillation equipment for making medicines in or near their kitchens. In the dominant Ancient Greek and Roman humoural medical doctrines of the period, all ingredients were thought to have specific properties of temperature or moisture. Some substances, like pepper and ginger, were said to be hot and dry, whereas cucumbers and fish, unsurprisingly, were considered cold and wet. This didn\u2019t mean that they merely embodied these qualities, but they were also thought to have these specific heating, cooling, drying, or moistening effects on the people who consumed them. Roses were considered cold in the first degree and dry in the first degree (the degrees went up to four). This meant that waters, syrups, tinctures, and elixirs made with roses, were mild in their action but still considered good for drying and binding the body. This meant they help with diarrhoea, indigestion, and weakness.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-1029 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2019\/12\/13\/adventbotany-2019-day-13-snow-white-and-rose-red\/syrupofroses\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"103\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/SyrupofRoses-300x103.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/SyrupofRoses-300x103.png 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/SyrupofRoses.png 553w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2019\/12\/13\/adventbotany-2019-day-13-snow-white-and-rose-red\/redroses\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/RedRoses-300x80.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/RedRoses-300x80.png 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/RedRoses.png 584w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>We can see examples of their health \u2018virtues\u2019 below in these excerpts from the 1653 Royal College of Physicians\u2019 <em>Pharmacopoeia. <\/em>Syrup of roses is even suggested for taking before or after \u2018meat\u2019 (the term \u2018meat\u2019 at this time signified all food), in order to avoid digestive problems.<\/p>\n<p>Exactly what we could all do with after an enormous Christmas meal!<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><em>A booke of cookerie<\/em>, 1597, 33-4.<\/li>\n<li>Philiatros, <em>Natura Extenturata<\/em>, 1655, 378.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Advent Botany Day <a href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2019\/12\/12\/adventbotany-2019-day-12-let-it-snow-let-it-snow-let-it-snow\/\">12<\/a> \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2019\/12\/14\/adventbotany-2019-day-14-navitatis\/\">14<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Amie Bolissian-McRae The rosewater used in our sweet festive snow was typically made from Rosa gallica L. or Rosa damascena Mill. (the Damask rose). Rosewater is something that, today,&#8230;<a class=\"read-more\" href=\"&#104;&#116;&#116;&#112;&#115;&#58;&#47;&#47;&#114;&#101;&#115;&#101;&#97;&#114;&#99;&#104;&#46;&#114;&#101;&#97;&#100;&#105;&#110;&#103;&#46;&#97;&#99;&#46;&#117;&#107;&#47;&#104;&#101;&#114;&#98;&#97;&#114;&#105;&#117;&#109;&#47;&#50;&#48;&#49;&#57;&#47;&#49;&#50;&#47;&#49;&#51;&#47;&#97;&#100;&#118;&#101;&#110;&#116;&#98;&#111;&#116;&#97;&#110;&#121;&#45;&#50;&#48;&#49;&#57;&#45;&#100;&#97;&#121;&#45;&#49;&#51;&#45;&#115;&#110;&#111;&#119;&#45;&#119;&#104;&#105;&#116;&#101;&#45;&#97;&#110;&#100;&#45;&#114;&#111;&#115;&#101;&#45;&#114;&#101;&#100;&#47;\">Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[28,27],"tags":[29,30,46,45],"class_list":["post-1029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-advent-botany","category-science-communication","tag-adventbotany","tag-adventbotany2019","tag-early-modern","tag-history"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>#AdventBotany 2019 Day 13: Snow White and Rose Red - Herbarium RNG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2019\/12\/13\/adventbotany-2019-day-13-snow-white-and-rose-red\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"#AdventBotany 2019 Day 13: Snow White and Rose Red - Herbarium RNG\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Amie Bolissian-McRae The rosewater used in our sweet festive snow was typically made from Rosa gallica L. or Rosa damascena Mill. (the Damask rose). Rosewater is something that, today,...Read More &gt;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2019\/12\/13\/adventbotany-2019-day-13-snow-white-and-rose-red\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Herbarium RNG\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PlantDiversity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-12-13T04:32:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-12-15T08:31:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/Rosa_gallica_aurelianensis-218x300.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Alastair Culham\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@RNGherb\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@RNGherb\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Alastair Culham\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2019\/12\/13\/adventbotany-2019-day-13-snow-white-and-rose-red\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2019\/12\/13\/adventbotany-2019-day-13-snow-white-and-rose-red\/\",\"name\":\"#AdventBotany 2019 Day 13: Snow White and Rose Red - Herbarium RNG\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2019-12-13T04:32:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-12-15T08:31:17+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/#\/schema\/person\/773479130137793cfd19c5afee34a6c2\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2019\/12\/13\/adventbotany-2019-day-13-snow-white-and-rose-red\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2019\/12\/13\/adventbotany-2019-day-13-snow-white-and-rose-red\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2019\/12\/13\/adventbotany-2019-day-13-snow-white-and-rose-red\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"#AdventBotany 2019 Day 13: Snow White and Rose Red\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/\",\"name\":\"Herbarium RNG\",\"description\":\"Excellence in plant science since 1897\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/#\/schema\/person\/773479130137793cfd19c5afee34a6c2\",\"name\":\"Alastair Culham\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b62061ee61f0c9332a3c756afc1eca11558ede4ac9e671e4411947ae4875c06b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b62061ee61f0c9332a3c756afc1eca11558ede4ac9e671e4411947ae4875c06b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Alastair Culham\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/author\/a-culhamreading-ac-uk\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"#AdventBotany 2019 Day 13: Snow White and Rose Red - Herbarium RNG","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2019\/12\/13\/adventbotany-2019-day-13-snow-white-and-rose-red\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"#AdventBotany 2019 Day 13: Snow White and Rose Red - Herbarium RNG","og_description":"By Amie Bolissian-McRae The rosewater used in our sweet festive snow was typically made from Rosa gallica L. or Rosa damascena Mill. 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