{"id":1111,"date":"2019-12-16T10:35:08","date_gmt":"2019-12-16T10:35:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/?p=1111"},"modified":"2019-12-17T11:25:48","modified_gmt":"2019-12-17T11:25:48","slug":"adventbotany-2019-day-16-scent-of-a-mahonia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2019\/12\/16\/adventbotany-2019-day-16-scent-of-a-mahonia\/","title":{"rendered":"#AdventBotany 2019 Day 16: scent of a <i>Mahonia<\/i>?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>By Alastair Culham<\/h1>\n<p>Whenever I think I&#8217;m running out of Christmas plants I can be sure that something will intercede to remind me of just how many plants are linked to this time of year in the U.K.\u00a0 Today, walking across the University campus I caught a sweet honey-like smell and soon tracked down the culprit, <em>Mahonia<\/em> x <em>media<\/em> C.D. Brickell.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-1111 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-large'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2019\/12\/16\/adventbotany-2019-day-16-scent-of-a-mahonia\/mahonia_japonica_hiemalis_berberidaceae_flowers_hdr2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"551\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2019\/12\/Mahonia_japonica_Hiemalis_Berberidaceae_flowers_HDR2-1024x882.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1118\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2019\/12\/Mahonia_japonica_Hiemalis_Berberidaceae_flowers_HDR2-1024x882.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2019\/12\/Mahonia_japonica_Hiemalis_Berberidaceae_flowers_HDR2-300x259.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2019\/12\/Mahonia_japonica_Hiemalis_Berberidaceae_flowers_HDR2-768x662.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2019\/12\/Mahonia_japonica_Hiemalis_Berberidaceae_flowers_HDR2.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1118'>\n\t\t\t\t<i>Mahonia japonica<\/i>  (Magnus Manske [CC BY-SA 3.0]) \n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2019\/12\/16\/adventbotany-2019-day-16-scent-of-a-mahonia\/8348988508_d98d12e4f5_c2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"486\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/8348988508_d98d12e4f5_c2-1024x777.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1120\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/8348988508_d98d12e4f5_c2-1024x777.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/8348988508_d98d12e4f5_c2-300x228.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/8348988508_d98d12e4f5_c2-768x583.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/8348988508_d98d12e4f5_c2.jpg 1260w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1120'>\n\t\t\t\t<i>Mahonia<\/i> x <i>media<\/i> &#8216;Charity&#8217; (Wendy Cutler [CC BY 2.0])\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2019\/12\/16\/adventbotany-2019-day-16-scent-of-a-mahonia\/mahonia_lomariifolia_flores2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"721\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/Mahonia_lomariifolia_flores2-909x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1119\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/Mahonia_lomariifolia_flores2-909x1024.jpg 909w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/Mahonia_lomariifolia_flores2-266x300.jpg 266w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/Mahonia_lomariifolia_flores2-768x865.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/Mahonia_lomariifolia_flores2-1364x1536.jpg 1364w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/Mahonia_lomariifolia_flores2-1818x2048.jpg 1818w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/Mahonia_lomariifolia_flores2.jpg 1949w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1119'>\n\t\t\t\t<i>Mahonia lomariifolia<\/i> (Andel Fr\u00fch [CC BY-SA 2.5])\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>Having said that, molecular phylogenetic work has suggested that <em>Mahonia<\/em> could just a subset of <em>Berberis<\/em> so perhaps I really saw <em>Berberis<\/em> \u00d7 <em>hortensis<\/em> Mabb. (It&#8217;s one and the same thing).\u00a0 There remains debate on the boundaries of the genera <em>Berberis<\/em> and <em>Mahonia<\/em> (Yu &amp; Chung, 2017).\u00a0 For the sake of any gardeners reading this, I will stick to <em>Mahonia<\/em>. \u00a0 Whichever name you choose, this plant is a wonderful addition to the winter garden because it flowers from November to December, or sometimes January.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1114\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1114\" style=\"width: 213px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1114\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/30234900305-213x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"213\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/30234900305-213x300.jpg 213w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/30234900305-728x1024.jpg 728w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/30234900305-768x1081.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/30234900305.jpg 1066w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 213px) 100vw, 213px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1114\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The cover of Nelson, &amp; Dean (1993). Glory of Donard<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><em>Mahonia<\/em> x <em>media<\/em> is a garden hybrid orginating in the Slieve Donard Nursery Company of Newcastle, County Down in Northern Ireland. This nursery operated from 1904-1975 and introduced a huge range of new garden cultivars (Enumerated in the wonderful book by Nelson &amp; Deane, 1993).\u00a0 In the winter of 1950-51 some seedlings were selected for purchase by Sir Eric Savill from among some 1000 pots of <em>Mahonia lomariifolia<\/em> (the seed parent of this hybrid and now treated as <em>Berberis oiwakensis<\/em> (Hayata) Laferr. or <em>Mahonia oiwakensis<\/em> subsp. <em>lomariifolia<\/em>) and these were grown on in Savill Gardens, part of Windsor Great Park in Southern England.\u00a0 The plants turned out to show characteristics of another species, <em>Berberis japonica,<\/em> especially the frost hardiness of this species (-15C) in contrast with the frost sensitivity of <em>B. lomariifolia<\/em> (-5 to -10C).\u00a0 The sweet scent of the seed parent is evident in the hybrids, as is the more upright inflorescence.\u00a0 the leaves are intermediate between the two, with more leaflets than <em>M. japonica<\/em> but fewer than <em>M.<\/em> <em>lomariifolia<\/em>\u00a0 One of these was selected and named <em>Mahonia<\/em> &#8216;Charity&#8217; and this has become a very widely grown garden plant.\u00a0 Less commonly grown than &#8216;Charity&#8217;, another of these spontaneous hybrids was raised and selected by Slieve Donard Nursery Company and this has more erect racemes of flowers.\u00a0 It is more compact than &#8216;Charity&#8217; and was called &#8216;Winter Sun&#8217;.\u00a0 It is now very widely grown and enjoyed for its sweet scented winter flowers.<\/p>\n<p>Since this chance hybridization, and the subsequent success of the cultivars selected, there have been deliberate attempts to cross the two species and a cross by Lionel Fortescue of Buckland Monachorum in Devon has yielded at least two widely grown selections: &#8216;Buckland&#8217;, selected by Fortescue, and &#8216;Lionel Fortescue&#8217; grown and named at Savill Garden (Taylor, 1981).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1112\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1112\" style=\"width: 480px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1112 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/5127932149_83c7afef5d_o.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/5127932149_83c7afef5d_o.jpg 480w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/Unorganized\/5127932149_83c7afef5d_o-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1112\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><i>Mahonia<\/i> &#8216;Lionel Fortescue&#8217; (Leonora (Ellie) Enking CC BY-SA 2.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>These winter flowering shrubs produce plenty of nectar and this is a useful source of food for bumblebees (Stelzer et al., 2010). Sadly, what I can&#8217;t yet do online is provide the scent of a <em>Mahonia<\/em> (or <em>Berberis <\/em>!) so you will just have to venture out and sniff around local gardens.<\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<p>Nelson, E.C. and Dean, E. (1993). Glory of Donard: A History of the Slieve Donard Nursery, Newcastle, County Down with a catalogue of cultivars. Belfast: Northern Ireland Heritage Gardens Committee.<\/p>\n<p>Stelzer, R.J., Chittka, L., Carlton, M. and Ings, T.C., (2010). Winter active bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) achieve high foraging rates in urban Britain. <i>PLoS One<\/i>,\u00a0<i>5 <\/i>(3), <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0009559\">p.e9559<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Taylor, G. (ed.) (1981). Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles. W. J. Bean. 8th ed., 4 vols. John Murray, London.<\/p>\n<p>Yu, C. and Chung, K. (2017), Why <i>Mahonia<\/i>? Molecular recircumscription of <i>Berberis<\/i> s.l., with the description of two new genera, <i>Alloberberis<\/i> and <i>Moranothamnus<\/i>. Taxon, 66: 1371-1392. doi:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12705\/666.6\">10.12705\/666.6<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Advent Botany Day <a href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2019\/12\/15\/adventbotany-2019-day-15-merry-christmoss\/\">15<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Alastair Culham Whenever I think I&#8217;m running out of Christmas plants I can be sure that something will intercede to remind me of just how many plants are linked&#8230;<a class=\"read-more\" href=\"&#104;&#116;&#116;&#112;&#115;&#58;&#47;&#47;&#114;&#101;&#115;&#101;&#97;&#114;&#99;&#104;&#46;&#114;&#101;&#97;&#100;&#105;&#110;&#103;&#46;&#97;&#99;&#46;&#117;&#107;&#47;&#104;&#101;&#114;&#98;&#97;&#114;&#105;&#117;&#109;&#47;&#50;&#48;&#49;&#57;&#47;&#49;&#50;&#47;&#49;&#54;&#47;&#97;&#100;&#118;&#101;&#110;&#116;&#98;&#111;&#116;&#97;&#110;&#121;&#45;&#50;&#48;&#49;&#57;&#45;&#100;&#97;&#121;&#45;&#49;&#54;&#45;&#115;&#99;&#101;&#110;&#116;&#45;&#111;&#102;&#45;&#97;&#45;&#109;&#97;&#104;&#111;&#110;&#105;&#97;&#47;\">Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":1113,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[28,27],"tags":[29,30],"class_list":["post-1111","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-advent-botany","category-science-communication","tag-adventbotany","tag-adventbotany2019"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>#AdventBotany 2019 Day 16: scent of a Mahonia? 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