{"id":5703,"date":"2020-12-10T18:05:36","date_gmt":"2020-12-10T18:05:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/?p=5703"},"modified":"2020-12-12T11:59:36","modified_gmt":"2020-12-12T11:59:36","slug":"adventbotany_2020_day10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2020\/12\/10\/adventbotany_2020_day10\/","title":{"rendered":"#AdventBotany 2020 Day 10 &#8211; Spikemoss stories, <i>Selaginella<\/i> outdoors and in"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/lycopod\/\" class=\"broken_link\">Hans Olav Nymand<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Denmark is a little land in Scandinavia, Northern Europe, but unlike the other Scandinavian countries, we have neither mountains (highest point 172m) nor vast boreal forests, and despite the relatively northern latitude, the Gulf Stream assures a cool temperate coastal climate with mild winters and cool summers.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5705\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5705\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5705\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/Europe_bluemarble_laea_location_mapDenmark.jpg\" alt=\"The location of Denmark marked on a map of Europe\" width=\"600\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/Europe_bluemarble_laea_location_mapDenmark.jpg 600w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/Europe_bluemarble_laea_location_mapDenmark-300x257.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5705\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The position of Denmark in Europe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>These geographic and climatic facts and a historical preference for intensive heavily mechanized agriculture, means that there are very few spots in Denmark with nutrient poor, undisturbed soils.<span id=\"more-3947\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3951\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\">\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-3951\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\n<\/div>\n<p>One consequence of this is that only one species of <em>Selaginella<\/em> can be found in the wild, <em>S. selaginoides<\/em>, the lesser clubmoss, and it is extremely rare, only small stands found only in a few protected areas.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-5703 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-medium'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2020\/12\/10\/adventbotany_2020_day10\/selaginellaselaginoides\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"221\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/Selaginellaselaginoides-300x221.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"spreading and upright Selaginella stems in short turf\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-5707\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/Selaginellaselaginoides-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/Selaginellaselaginoides.jpg 310w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-5707'>\n\t\t\t\t<i>Selaginella selaginoides<\/i> among grasses <small>(de:Benutzer:Griensteidl, CC BY-SA 3.0 )<\/small>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2020\/12\/10\/adventbotany_2020_day10\/selaginella_selaginoides_a1\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/Selaginella_selaginoides_a1-300x226.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"dark green sprawling stems with upright brown and dry looking reproductive stems\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-5706\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/Selaginella_selaginoides_a1-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/Selaginella_selaginoides_a1-1024x770.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/Selaginella_selaginoides_a1-768x577.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/Selaginella_selaginoides_a1.jpg 1197w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-5706'>\n\t\t\t\t<i>Selaginella selaginoides<\/i> on bare rocky ground. <small>(Jerzy Opio\u0142a, CC BY-SA 3.0 )<\/small>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2020\/12\/10\/adventbotany_2020_day10\/1200px-selaginella_selaginoides_alpen-moosfarn_img_1056\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Selaginella_selaginoides_Alpen-Moosfarn_IMG_1056-300x200.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"four stems of selaginella bearing golden sporangia\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-5704\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Selaginella_selaginoides_Alpen-Moosfarn_IMG_1056-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Selaginella_selaginoides_Alpen-Moosfarn_IMG_1056-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Selaginella_selaginoides_Alpen-Moosfarn_IMG_1056-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Selaginella_selaginoides_Alpen-Moosfarn_IMG_1056-272x182.jpg 272w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Selaginella_selaginoides_Alpen-Moosfarn_IMG_1056.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-5704'>\n\t\t\t\t<i>Selaginella selaginoides<\/i> <small>(HermannSchachner, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons)<\/small>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>Now there are more than 700 species of <em>Selaginella<\/em>, where many are popular with terrarium enthusiasts, so you might think that some species would be available as houseplants \u2013 but mostly, they are not.\u00a0 You can, occasionally, get various species from terrarium shops or specialist import nurseries, but only three species could be described in any sense as common.<\/p>\n<p>By far the most common is the <em>S. lepidophylla<\/em>, marketed as \u201cRose of Jericho\u201d or \u201cResurrection plant\u201d. These are available year round, although more commonly from October to April. They are sold dried out (of course) but correctly labelled as <em>Selaginella<\/em> and usually comes with a little explanation of what they are and how to treat them.<\/p>\n<p>Somewhat more uncommon is <em>S. apoda<\/em> which is also sold year round, but rarely labelled correctly and the name is generally unknown \u2013 even by the nursery staff. Even when in store, you can\u2019t walk into a nursery and ask for <em>Selaginella<\/em>. Around Christmas they are often sold decorated with orange plastic \u201cberries\u201d \u2013 rather weird.<\/p>\n<p>In Christmas (from November to\u00a0 February) a third species becomes readily available, <em>S.<\/em> <em>martensii<\/em>, often sold in a variegated form.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5708\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5708\" style=\"width: 632px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5708\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/Smartensii.jpg\" alt=\"an assortment of potted plants in a danish supermarket\" width=\"632\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/Smartensii.jpg 632w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/Smartensii-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5708\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Selaginella martensii<\/em> in a supermarket in Copenhagen, Denmark<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Here it is in my local supermarket, very \u201cnon specialist\u201d, where I found it besides primroses and dwarf spruce, but they are also readily available in nurseries. They are unfortunately not easy to grow in a typical Danish living room, as these have a quite dry \u201cclimate\u201d \u2013 maybe this is the explanation why I have never actually seen them as a permanent house plant.\u00a0 <em>S. apoda<\/em> and <em>S. martensii<\/em> are usually sold in small pots, and are quite cheap, although larger specimens are sometimes available. None of these seems to be produced in Danish production nurseries, they are all imported from The Netherlands.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019ve been asking around why people buy this plant, and most \u201ccommon\u201d buyers say they don\u2019t know the plant already, and just buy it either because it looks different and\/or because it is \u201cchristmaslike\u201d.<\/p>\n<h3>Editor&#8217;s note (Alastair Culham)<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5718\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5718\" style=\"width: 320px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5718\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/Rose_of_Jericho.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"315\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5718\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><i>Selaginella lepidophylla <\/i><small>(No machine-readable author provided. Serych assumed (based on copyright claims)., CC BY-SA 3.0 &lt;http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/&gt;, via Wikimedia Commons)<\/small><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><em>Selaginella<\/em> plants come in colours other than green as well.\u00a0 One of my favourites to grow in a terrarium is the red spikemoss, <em>Selaginella erythropus<\/em> which has strikingly deep red undersides to the leaves due to intense anthocyanin pigments.\u00a0 In contrast is the rather ethereal irridescent blue Selaginellas that have structural interference colour and seem to glow in low light conditions.\u00a0 For the heavy duty botanists among you there is an excellent paper of this blue irridescence (Masters et al. 2018).\u00a0 For a botanical miracle you\u00a0 might grow <em>Selaginella lepidophylla<\/em>, one of the resurrection plants that transforms from a resting bown and dead ball in to an amazing bright green rosette when water is added.<em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-5703 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2020\/12\/10\/adventbotany_2020_day10\/olympus-digital-camera-15\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Selaginella_erythropus_kz01-300x200.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"spreading plant with red underside and brown\/red upperside\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-5710\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Selaginella_erythropus_kz01-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Selaginella_erythropus_kz01-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Selaginella_erythropus_kz01-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Selaginella_erythropus_kz01-272x182.jpg 272w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Selaginella_erythropus_kz01.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-5710'>\n\t\t\t\t<i>Selaginella erythropus<\/i> <small>(Alorin, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons)<\/small>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2020\/12\/10\/adventbotany_2020_day10\/1200px-selaginella_lepidophylla_resurrection_plant_mexico_4_49747795206\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"218\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Selaginella_lepidophylla_resurrection_plant_Mexico_4_49747795206-300x218.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"brown ball of stems\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-5716\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Selaginella_lepidophylla_resurrection_plant_Mexico_4_49747795206-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Selaginella_lepidophylla_resurrection_plant_Mexico_4_49747795206-1024x742.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Selaginella_lepidophylla_resurrection_plant_Mexico_4_49747795206-768x557.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Selaginella_lepidophylla_resurrection_plant_Mexico_4_49747795206.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-5716'>\n\t\t\t\t<i>Selaginella lepidophylla<\/i> <small>(James St. John, CC BY 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons)<\/small>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2020\/12\/10\/adventbotany_2020_day10\/1200px-selaginella_uncinata_002_%e5%a4%a9%e5%95%8f\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Selaginella_uncinata_002_\u5929\u554f-300x225.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"irridescent blue\/green spreading plant\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-5711\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Selaginella_uncinata_002_\u5929\u554f-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Selaginella_uncinata_002_\u5929\u554f-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Selaginella_uncinata_002_\u5929\u554f-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Selaginella_uncinata_002_\u5929\u554f.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-5711'>\n\t\t\t\t<i>Selaginella uncinata<\/i> <small>(\u5929\u554f \u5c0f\u7aa9, CC BY 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons)<\/small>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2020\/12\/10\/adventbotany_2020_day10\/rsif20180559f01\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"292\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/rsif20180559f01-300x292.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"figure for Royal Society paper showing detail of cell structures\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-5712\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/rsif20180559f01-300x292.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/rsif20180559f01-1024x997.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/rsif20180559f01-768x748.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/rsif20180559f01.jpg 1237w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-5712'>\n\t\t\t\tFigure 1. (a\u2013c) Photographs of S. erythropus, <i>S. uncinata<\/i> and <i>S. willdenowii<\/i> demonstrating the blue coloration present in the <i>Selaginella<\/i> genus. (d) TEM image of two epidermal cells and a demonstration of the approximate vertical positions where (d) and (e) observations were performed. Scale bar, 5 \u00b5m. (e,f) Reflection microscopy images demonstrating the reflection from the cell walls of <i>S. uncinata<\/i> and <i>S. willdenowii<\/i>, respectively; (g,h) reflection microscopy images focused at the source of the blue coloration (d) and at the cell wall (e). Scale bar, 10 \u00b5m. (From Masters et al. 2018)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/2020\/12\/10\/adventbotany_2020_day10\/1200px-peacock_fern_selaginella_wildenowii_8681119528\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"174\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Peacock_Fern_Selaginella_wildenowii_8681119528-300x174.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"spreading plant with strong metallic blue irridescence\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-5709\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Peacock_Fern_Selaginella_wildenowii_8681119528-300x174.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Peacock_Fern_Selaginella_wildenowii_8681119528-1024x593.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Peacock_Fern_Selaginella_wildenowii_8681119528-768x445.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2020\/12\/1200px-Peacock_Fern_Selaginella_wildenowii_8681119528.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-5709'>\n\t\t\t\t<i>Selaginella willdenowii<\/i> <small>(Bernard DUPONT from FRANCE, CC BY-SA 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons)<\/small>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Reference<\/h3>\n<p>Masters Nathan J., Lopez-Garcia Martin, Oulton Ruth and Whitney Heather M. (2018) Characterization of chloroplast iridescence in Selaginella erythropus. <em>J. R. Soc. Interface<\/em>.1520180559<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsif.2018.0559\" class=\"broken_link\">http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsif.2018.0559<\/a><\/p>\n<p>For more #AdventBotany see our <a href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/herbarium\/research-and-teaching\/adventbotany\/advent-botany-2020-25-yuletide-plant-stories\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2020 index page<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Hans Olav Nymand Denmark is a little land in Scandinavia, Northern Europe, but unlike the other Scandinavian countries, we have neither mountains (highest point 172m) nor vast boreal forests,&#8230;<a class=\"read-more\" href=\"&#104;&#116;&#116;&#112;&#115;&#58;&#47;&#47;&#114;&#101;&#115;&#101;&#97;&#114;&#99;&#104;&#46;&#114;&#101;&#97;&#100;&#105;&#110;&#103;&#46;&#97;&#99;&#46;&#117;&#107;&#47;&#104;&#101;&#114;&#98;&#97;&#114;&#105;&#117;&#109;&#47;&#50;&#48;&#50;&#48;&#47;&#49;&#50;&#47;&#49;&#48;&#47;&#97;&#100;&#118;&#101;&#110;&#116;&#98;&#111;&#116;&#97;&#110;&#121;&#95;&#50;&#48;&#50;&#48;&#95;&#100;&#97;&#121;&#49;&#48;&#47;\">Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[52,28,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5703","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-advent","category-advent-botany","category-science-communication"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - 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