In addition to physical well-being, it is now well-recognised that the composition of the diet is an important determinant of cognitive and mental health throughout life. Using a multi-disciplinary approach, our work investigates the effects of various dietary components on cognitive performance and well-being in both healthy and impaired populations across the lifespan. We combine expertise in randomised controlled intervention trials, with imaging, molecular and cellular, food technology and questionnaire-based techniques, to determine the impact of our diet on cognitive health and well-being throughout life.