{"id":1516,"date":"2026-01-08T09:33:42","date_gmt":"2026-01-08T09:33:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/?p=1516"},"modified":"2026-01-08T09:44:32","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T09:44:32","slug":"new-paper-by-phd-graduate-theo-keeping-global-climate-patterns-shape-wildfire-risk-in-the-united-states","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/new-paper-by-phd-graduate-theo-keeping-global-climate-patterns-shape-wildfire-risk-in-the-united-states\/","title":{"rendered":"New Paper by PhD Graduate Theo Keeping &#8211; Global Climate Patterns Shape Wildfire Risk in the United States"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In the second half of 2025, SPECIAL Group research student Theo Keeping graduated with a PhD from the University of Reading. One of the chapters from his thesis has now been published and we are pleased to share some of the highlights from it with you! The paper also involves two other University of Reading staff, two of Theo&#8217;s supervisors, our own Sandy Harrison and Ted Shepherd from the Meteorology department.<\/p>\n<h2>Introduction<\/h2>\n<p>Wildfires in the United States are controlled by the effect of local weather on fuel conditions and vegetation productivity. Possible weather in a given fire season is shaped by predictable global climate patterns\u2014large, slowly shifting modes such as the El Ni\u00f1o\u2013Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and temperature swings in the tropical Atlantic. These climate modes in the atmosphere, alter rainfall, heat, vegetation growth, and ultimately, the likelihood that fires ignite and spread.<\/p>\n<p>It has long been suspected that these global modes play a major role in US wildfire risk. But despite tree ring fire scar providing a robust picture of these long term associations, such studies are limited to small geographic regions. Conversely, the satellite record covers a large area but has a small sample window given the noisiness of wildfire occurrences. It\u2019s has therefore been hard to pin down where and how strongly these modes influence fire.<\/p>\n<p>This paper published in <em>Climate Dynamics<\/em>, led by Dr Theo Keeping, changes that.<\/p>\n<p>This research builds directly on the <strong>large-ensemble (LE) wildfire occurrence model<\/strong> that Theo previously developed and published in <em>Frontiers<\/em> earlier in 2025. That earlier study\u2014summarised in a LEMONTREE project blog post <a href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/lemontree\/understanding-how-wildfire-occurrence-will-change-in-the-future\/\">here<\/a>\u2014laid the groundwork by constructing a probabilistic model capable of simulating thousands of years of wildfire activity under different climate conditions. The new study uses this model to explore a different question:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cHow do global climate modes shape wildfire variability across the US, and how will that influence change as the planet warms?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Outline of Methods<\/h2>\n<p>To see how climate variability affects wildfires, the team used:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A probabilistic wildfire occurrence model from the earlier <em>Frontiers<\/em> paper<\/li>\n<li>A large climate ensemble of 1600 simulated years from the EC-Earth3 climate model<\/li>\n<li>Two time slices: a \u201crecent climate\u201d (2000\u20132009) and a \u201c+2\u00b0C world\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Eleven global climate modes, each representing major patterns of ocean\u2013atmosphere variability<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This large-ensemble approach gives us something observations cannot: hundreds of ENSO cycles, hundreds of Indian Ocean Dipole events, and many combinations of modes that might only occur once in a century. That makes it possible to isolate their true influence on wildfire.<\/p>\n<h2>The Big Three: ENSO, IOD and TNA+1<\/h2>\n<p>Across the entire United States, three modes stood out as most strongly related to year-to-year wildfire variability:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>ENSO (El Ni\u00f1o \/ La Ni\u00f1a)<\/strong> \u2013 influences wildfire in <strong>91%<\/strong> of the country<\/li>\n<li><strong>IOD (Indian Ocean Dipole)<\/strong> \u2013 influences <strong>90%<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>TNA+1 (Tropical North Atlantic SSTs from the previous year)<\/strong> \u2013 influences <strong>82%<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These modes are reasonably correlated, supporting the notion that ENSO is the dominant control of US wildfire variability, with the IOD and TNA able to strengthen its effect.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1517\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2026\/01\/theo_paper_fig1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1379\" height=\"645\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2026\/01\/theo_paper_fig1.png 1379w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2026\/01\/theo_paper_fig1-300x140.png 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2026\/01\/theo_paper_fig1-1024x479.png 1024w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2026\/01\/theo_paper_fig1-768x359.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1379px) 100vw, 1379px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Figure 1: Multilinear regression of the annual number of wildfires relative to the mean at each grid cell against standardised values of the ENSO (SOI), IOD (DMI), and TNA+1 indices. The slope coefficients were separately calculated for each grid-cell, and are displayed for the recent and +2\u00b0C ensemble climates.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>La Ni\u00f1a is the most important driver: <\/strong>La Ni\u00f1a events significantly increase wildfire occurrence across:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>California\u2019s Mediterranean region<\/li>\n<li>The Southwest<\/li>\n<li>The Great Plains<\/li>\n<li>Southern Florida<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These effects arise through hotter conditions, higher vapour-pressure deficit (VPD), and reduced precipitation, all of which dry out vegetation and increase ignition likelihood.<\/p>\n<p>One of the most striking results: ENSO is <em>not<\/em> significantly associated with wildfire occurrence in the northwestern US, despite decades of tree-ring literature suggesting otherwise. ENSO does influence fire <em>size<\/em> in that region, but not the <em>probability<\/em> of a small fire occurring, which is what this model tracks.<\/p>\n<p><strong>IOD and TNA+1: <\/strong>Although both modes are correlated with ENSO, the analyses show that TNA+1 retains a strong, independent influence even after accounting for ENSO effects.<\/p>\n<p>The IOD also plays an important role, particularly in the southern US, and becomes more influential under +2\u00b0C warming.<\/p>\n<h2>Climate modes also shift the timing of the fire season<\/h2>\n<p>ENSO doesn\u2019t just change how <em>many<\/em> fires occur, it also changes <em>when<\/em> they occur.<\/p>\n<p>La Ni\u00f1a tends to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>lengthen the fire season in California, the Southwest, the Great Plains and Florida<\/li>\n<li>push the seasonal peak later in the Southwest<\/li>\n<li>pull the peak earlier in the Southeast<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The IOD and TNA+1 produce similar seasonal shifts in some regions, though with smaller geographic footprints.<\/p>\n<p>This is important for fire agencies, because shifts in timing affect resource allocation, readiness levels, prescribed burning windows and the overlap with lightning season.<\/p>\n<h2>Warming strengthens the power of climate modes<\/h2>\n<p>In a world 2\u00b0C warmer, climate modes become stronger predictors of wildfire occurrence and the area influenced by several modes increases substantially:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>AMO+1: from 38% \u2192 68% of the US<\/li>\n<li>PNA: from 16% \u2192 56%<\/li>\n<li>AO: from 10% \u2192 37%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>ENSO, IOD and TNA+1 remain dominant, but the magnitude of their effect increases, particularly in the Great Plains and Western US.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1517\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2026\/01\/theo_paper_fig1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1379\" height=\"645\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2026\/01\/theo_paper_fig1.png 1379w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2026\/01\/theo_paper_fig1-300x140.png 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2026\/01\/theo_paper_fig1-1024x479.png 1024w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2026\/01\/theo_paper_fig1-768x359.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1379px) 100vw, 1379px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1518\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2026\/01\/theo_paper_fig2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1235\" height=\"365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2026\/01\/theo_paper_fig2.png 1235w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2026\/01\/theo_paper_fig2-300x89.png 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2026\/01\/theo_paper_fig2-1024x303.png 1024w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2026\/01\/theo_paper_fig2-768x227.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1235px) 100vw, 1235px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Figure 2: the relative influence of ENSO on VPD, precipitation and GPP in the +2\u00b0C climate for the large ensemble.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Why the Great Plains are particularly sensitive<\/h2>\n<p>Across both climates, the Great Plains emerge as the region where wildfire probability is most sensitive to climate variability. Grasslands rapidly accumulate fuel during wet periods and rapidly dry during warm, dry phases of ENSO and TNA+1, making them extremely responsive to year-to-year climate swings.<\/p>\n<p>With warming, this sensitivity intensifies.<\/p>\n<h2>What does this winter have in store?<\/h2>\n<p>With early signs pointing toward a La Ni\u00f1a this winter, this work provides timely evidence that such a shift could raise wildfire probabilities across large parts of the US if La Ni\u00f1a persists into next year. Offering both a scientific heads-up and a practical planning tool.<\/p>\n<h2>You can read the full paper here:<\/h2>\n<p>Keeping, T.R., Shepherd, T.G., Prentice, I.C., van der Wiel, K. &amp; Harrison, S.P. (2026). Influence of global climate modes on wildfire occurrence in the contiguous United States under recent and future climates. <em>Climate Dynamics<\/em>, 64, 15 (2026).\u00a0<a title=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00382-025-07998-w\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00382-025-07998-w\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-linkindex=\"0\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00382-025-07998-w<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Congratulations again to Theo on becoming Dr. Keeping and best wishes to him on all of his future endeavours at World Wildfire Attribution.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Blog Post written by Natalie Sanders<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the second half of 2025, SPECIAL Group research student Theo Keeping graduated with a PhD from the University of Reading. One of the chapters from his thesis has now&#8230;<a class=\"read-more\" href=\"&#104;&#116;&#116;&#112;&#115;&#58;&#47;&#47;&#114;&#101;&#115;&#101;&#97;&#114;&#99;&#104;&#46;&#114;&#101;&#97;&#100;&#105;&#110;&#103;&#46;&#97;&#99;&#46;&#117;&#107;&#47;&#112;&#97;&#108;&#97;&#101;&#111;&#99;&#108;&#105;&#109;&#97;&#116;&#101;&#47;&#110;&#101;&#119;&#45;&#112;&#97;&#112;&#101;&#114;&#45;&#98;&#121;&#45;&#112;&#104;&#100;&#45;&#103;&#114;&#97;&#100;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#101;&#45;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#111;&#45;&#107;&#101;&#101;&#112;&#105;&#110;&#103;&#45;&#103;&#108;&#111;&#98;&#97;&#108;&#45;&#99;&#108;&#105;&#109;&#97;&#116;&#101;&#45;&#112;&#97;&#116;&#116;&#101;&#114;&#110;&#115;&#45;&#115;&#104;&#97;&#112;&#101;&#45;&#119;&#105;&#108;&#100;&#102;&#105;&#114;&#101;&#45;&#114;&#105;&#115;&#107;&#45;&#105;&#110;&#45;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#45;&#117;&#110;&#105;&#116;&#101;&#100;&#45;&#115;&#116;&#97;&#116;&#101;&#115;&#47;\">Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":959,"featured_media":1517,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1516","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>New Paper by PhD Graduate Theo Keeping - Global Climate Patterns Shape Wildfire Risk in the United States - SPECIAL Palaeoclimate<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/new-paper-by-phd-graduate-theo-keeping-global-climate-patterns-shape-wildfire-risk-in-the-united-states\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New Paper by PhD Graduate Theo Keeping - Global Climate Patterns Shape Wildfire Risk in the United States - SPECIAL Palaeoclimate\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the second half of 2025, SPECIAL Group research student Theo Keeping graduated with a PhD from the University of Reading. One of the chapters from his thesis has now...Read More &gt;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/new-paper-by-phd-graduate-theo-keeping-global-climate-patterns-shape-wildfire-risk-in-the-united-states\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SPECIAL Palaeoclimate\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-08T09:33:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-08T09:44:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2026\/01\/theo_paper_fig1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1379\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"645\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sophia Cain\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sophia Cain\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/new-paper-by-phd-graduate-theo-keeping-global-climate-patterns-shape-wildfire-risk-in-the-united-states\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/new-paper-by-phd-graduate-theo-keeping-global-climate-patterns-shape-wildfire-risk-in-the-united-states\/\",\"name\":\"New Paper by PhD Graduate Theo Keeping - Global Climate Patterns Shape Wildfire Risk in the United States - SPECIAL Palaeoclimate\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-08T09:33:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-08T09:44:32+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/#\/schema\/person\/6ae1715d9ded9f0caa51878ed800cdc9\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/new-paper-by-phd-graduate-theo-keeping-global-climate-patterns-shape-wildfire-risk-in-the-united-states\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/new-paper-by-phd-graduate-theo-keeping-global-climate-patterns-shape-wildfire-risk-in-the-united-states\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/new-paper-by-phd-graduate-theo-keeping-global-climate-patterns-shape-wildfire-risk-in-the-united-states\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"New Paper by PhD Graduate Theo Keeping &#8211; Global Climate Patterns Shape Wildfire Risk in the United States\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/\",\"name\":\"SPECIAL Palaeoclimate\",\"description\":\"Webpage of Sandy&#039;s PalaeoEnvironments and Climate Analysis research group at the University of Reading (UK)\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/#\/schema\/person\/6ae1715d9ded9f0caa51878ed800cdc9\",\"name\":\"Sophia Cain\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a4b6b71e445f4365e2434d381d6a4e6733a438e4ce1c59fbbd12a0e11cf74672?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a4b6b71e445f4365e2434d381d6a4e6733a438e4ce1c59fbbd12a0e11cf74672?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Sophia Cain\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/author\/kw931720\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"New Paper by PhD Graduate Theo Keeping - Global Climate Patterns Shape Wildfire Risk in the United States - SPECIAL Palaeoclimate","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/new-paper-by-phd-graduate-theo-keeping-global-climate-patterns-shape-wildfire-risk-in-the-united-states\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"New Paper by PhD Graduate Theo Keeping - Global Climate Patterns Shape Wildfire Risk in the United States - SPECIAL Palaeoclimate","og_description":"In the second half of 2025, SPECIAL Group research student Theo Keeping graduated with a PhD from the University of Reading. One of the chapters from his thesis has now...Read More >","og_url":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/new-paper-by-phd-graduate-theo-keeping-global-climate-patterns-shape-wildfire-risk-in-the-united-states\/","og_site_name":"SPECIAL Palaeoclimate","article_published_time":"2026-01-08T09:33:42+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-01-08T09:44:32+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1379,"height":645,"url":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/78\/2026\/01\/theo_paper_fig1.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Sophia Cain","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Sophia Cain","Estimated reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/new-paper-by-phd-graduate-theo-keeping-global-climate-patterns-shape-wildfire-risk-in-the-united-states\/","url":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/new-paper-by-phd-graduate-theo-keeping-global-climate-patterns-shape-wildfire-risk-in-the-united-states\/","name":"New Paper by PhD Graduate Theo Keeping - Global Climate Patterns Shape Wildfire Risk in the United States - SPECIAL Palaeoclimate","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-01-08T09:33:42+00:00","dateModified":"2026-01-08T09:44:32+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/#\/schema\/person\/6ae1715d9ded9f0caa51878ed800cdc9"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/new-paper-by-phd-graduate-theo-keeping-global-climate-patterns-shape-wildfire-risk-in-the-united-states\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/new-paper-by-phd-graduate-theo-keeping-global-climate-patterns-shape-wildfire-risk-in-the-united-states\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/new-paper-by-phd-graduate-theo-keeping-global-climate-patterns-shape-wildfire-risk-in-the-united-states\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"New Paper by PhD Graduate Theo Keeping &#8211; Global Climate Patterns Shape Wildfire Risk in the United States"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/#website","url":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/","name":"SPECIAL Palaeoclimate","description":"Webpage of Sandy&#039;s PalaeoEnvironments and Climate Analysis research group at the University of Reading (UK)","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/#\/schema\/person\/6ae1715d9ded9f0caa51878ed800cdc9","name":"Sophia Cain","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a4b6b71e445f4365e2434d381d6a4e6733a438e4ce1c59fbbd12a0e11cf74672?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a4b6b71e445f4365e2434d381d6a4e6733a438e4ce1c59fbbd12a0e11cf74672?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Sophia Cain"},"url":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/author\/kw931720\/"}]}},"cc_featured_image_caption":{"caption_text":"","source_text":"","source_url":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1516","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/959"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1516"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1516\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1519,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1516\/revisions\/1519"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1517"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1516"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1516"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/palaeoclimate\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1516"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}