{"id":17424,"date":"2019-04-11T10:32:12","date_gmt":"2019-04-11T09:32:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/?p=17424"},"modified":"2021-11-03T13:46:51","modified_gmt":"2021-11-03T13:46:51","slug":"electric-bikes-can-boost-older-peoples-mental-performance-and-their-well-being","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2019\/04\/11\/electric-bikes-can-boost-older-peoples-mental-performance-and-their-well-being\/","title":{"rendered":"Electric bikes can boost older people’s mental performance and their well-being"},"content":{"rendered":"

In a new post for The Conversation<\/a>, University of Reading psychologist Professor\u00a0Carien van Reekum<\/a>, and her collaborators describe their research that shows the benefits of cycling in later life. The research is part of\u00a0\u2018cycle BOOM\u2019<\/a> \u00a0funded by the UK Research Councils’ Lifelong Health and Wellbeing Programme .<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Having a bike can open up new places of adventure.<\/span>\u00a0Shutterstock<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Getting on your bicycle can give you an enormous sense of freedom and enjoyment. It can increase your independence and knowledge of the local area, and improve your access to the natural (or urban) environment. It can also be highly nostalgic \u2013 reminding you of your childhood cycle rides and the joy of being young.<\/p>\n

But beyond the feel-good factor, can cycling actually make any difference to mental abilities and well-being? This was something\u00a0our new study<\/a>\u00a0aimed to investigate \u2013 specifically looking at cycling among older adults.<\/p>\n

While most studies incorporate exercise in a gym situation, our study wanted to examine the impact of cycling in the real world \u2013 outside a controlled environment. So older adults, aged 50 and above, were asked to cycle for at least an hour and a half each week for an eight-week period.<\/p>\n

Participants either cycled on a conventional pedal bike, on an electrically assisted \u201ce-bike\u201d or were instructed to maintain their regular non-cycling exercise routine as a comparison group. Mental abilities, mental health and well-being were measured before and after the eight-week cycling period.<\/p>\n

Mental boost<\/h2>\n

Exercise is thought to improve mental functioning through increased blood flow to the brain \u2013 as well as encouraging regrowth of cells,\u00a0specifically in the hippocampus<\/a>. This is known to be an area associated with memory. So it was expected that the greater physical exertion required for pedal cycling, compared to cycling an e-bike with a motor, would result in greater benefits to mental functioning.<\/p>\n

One of the tasks we used to measure mental ability is the \u201cStroop test<\/a>\u201d. The task involves participants being shown the name of a colour printed on a card in a different colour script \u2013 imagine the word \u201cblue\u201d printed in red ink. Participants are asked to saying the colour of the ink that the word is printed in, rather than reading the name of the colour. The Stroop test measures how accurately someone is able to minimise distraction from the written word when reporting the ink colour.<\/p>\n

We found that after eight weeks of cycling, both pedal and e-bike cycling groups were better at ignoring the written word, indicating that their mental function had improved. This was not the case for non-cycling control participants.<\/p>\n

Pedal power<\/h2>\n

Aside from the benefits found to some mental abilities, we also saw a trend for mental health improving for the e-bike cyclists, but pedal cyclists did not change on this measure. This could be because e-bikes may be more enjoyable and easier to ride than normal pedal bikes \u2013 helping to improve mental well-being.<\/p>\n

We also found e-bike cyclists spent more time cycling on average each week than the pedal cyclists. Many of the participants commented that they felt they\u00a0could go further on the e-bike<\/a>\u00a0as they could rely on the motor to get them home if they could not manage it by themselves.<\/p>\n

This research, to some extent, provides support for many bike-related motivation quotes, including the following from Sir Arthur Conan Doyle:<\/p>\n

When the spirits are low, when the day appears dark, when work becomes monotonous, when hope hardly seems worth having, just mount a bicycle and go out for a spin down the road, without thought on anything but the ride you are taking.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

It seems then that e-bikes have the potential to re-engage older adults with cycling and provide a great opportunity to increase physical activity and engagement with the outdoor environment. So given that more than\u00a0three million older people in the UK live alone<\/a>, of whom more than two million are older than 75, it might just be that the use of an electric bicycle could help to improve older people\u2019s lives by increasing independence and mobility \u2013 all of which can have a significant impact on their well-being.<\/p>\n

This research was part of the \u2018cycle BOOM\u2019 project (www.cycleboom.org<\/a>), funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC;\u00a0https:\/\/www.epsrc.ac.uk\/<\/a>) under the UK Research Councils’ Lifelong Health and Wellbeing Programme (Grant Number EP\/K037242\/1), received by TJ and CvR. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ben spencer is a member of Cycling UK.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tim Jones is an Expert Adviser for the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (March 2018 – March 2021) and Peer Review Group member for the Economic and Social Research Council’s Global Challenges Research Fund.<\/em><\/p>\n

Carien van Reekum does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.<\/em><\/p>\n

Find out more about the University of Reading’s involvement in our recent news story<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In a new post for The Conversation, University of Reading psychologist Professor\u00a0Carien van Reekum, and her collaborators describe their research that shows the benefits of cycling in later life. 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