{"id":17950,"date":"2019-06-03T19:43:31","date_gmt":"2019-06-03T18:43:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/?p=17950"},"modified":"2021-11-15T11:51:46","modified_gmt":"2021-11-15T11:51:46","slug":"female-military-peacekeepers-left-feeling-overwhelmed-after-inadequate-training","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2019\/06\/03\/female-military-peacekeepers-left-feeling-overwhelmed-after-inadequate-training\/","title":{"rendered":"Female military peacekeepers left feeling overwhelmed after inadequate training"},"content":{"rendered":"

UN peacekeeping missions often involve dealing with cases of violence and rape. Georgina Holmes’ research has shown that female military peacekeepers are often inadequately prepared to help survivors of conflict because it is assumed that they ‘naturally’ know how to respond to other women\u2019s needs. She explains more in a recent post for The Conversation<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Female military peacekeepers deployed to complex UN missions often feel overwhelmed and ill-prepared when providing assistance to local women and girls who\u2019ve been the victims of violence.<\/p>\n

The UN expects female peacekeepers around the world to improve the effectiveness of missions<\/a> by gaining access to members of local communities that male peacekeepers cannot reach. But my recent research<\/a> in Rwanda showed that women peacekeepers need more support.<\/p>\n

I looked at whether the kind of training women from the Rwanda Defence Force received before their deployment in mixed-gender battalions to the UN Mission in Darfur<\/a> (UNAMID) and the UN Mission in South Sudan<\/a> (UNMISS) was sufficient for the challenges they would face on their mission. I asked 24 Rwandan women from the military awaiting deployment and 22 who had returned from missions about their perceptions of the training they received, and how it related to the expectations and realities of working in UN and African Union (AU) peace operations.<\/p>\n

Insufficiently prepared<\/strong><\/p>\n

Women waiting to deploy felt confident that the training equipped them for all protection of civilian tasks<\/a> they would be assigned. But women who\u2019d returned from dangerous peace operations felt the pre-deployment training didn\u2019t adequately equip them. They found it especially challenging to handle complex cases where women and girls had experienced sexual violence related to conflict, were extremely traumatised, or required urgent assistance. These challenges were exacerbated by the difficulty of communicating with local woman through an interpreter \u2013 a skill that had to be learnt on the job in difficult circumstances.<\/p>\n

A 27-year-old liaison officer, who was critical of the military training\u2019s emphasis on processes and procedures, suggested that \u201cmore information on the psychological impact violence has on survivors\u201d was required. She said encountering gender-based violence in camps for internally displaced people (IDP) \u201cwas not easy\u201d and the training hadn\u2019t prepared her for sustained engagement with survivors. She added:<\/p>\n

When I was on the ground and reached the [IDP] camp, you \ufb01nd this person who was raped for two or three hours and the people around her don\u2019t want to communicate, they don\u2019t care about what happened. You get this person, you put her in touch with the NGOs, you take her to hospital, but you need to spend three or four hours with her.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The women I interviewed also felt overwhelmed by the sheer scale of the assistance local communities required in Darfur and South Sudan. One 30-year-old major who deployed as a mechanic in UNAMID said there weren\u2019t enough female peacekeepers to make a real impact.<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n

Gender biased training<\/strong><\/p>\n

While gender advisers and military observers receive specialist community engagement training, most tactical-level female peacekeepers, like their male colleagues, receive military-led training two to three months prior to deployment. Typically, the programme comprises a mixture of training sessions in the classroom and field exercises designed by both the UN and local military.<\/p>\n

These sessions introduce theoretical concepts but don\u2019t provide practical knowledge about how people behave directly after experiencing violence, forms of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder, and what to do during contact with survivors. Nor does the training desensitise peacekeepers in preparation for the distressing situations they\u2019re likely to witness. One 32-year-old second lieutenant reflected on what was missing:<\/p>\n

“We study gender issues theoretically, but in the mission area, when we start putting theory into practice, there are challenges. In training, my mate acts as a refugee and I act as I\u2019m going to help her. But that is like theatre \u2013 you can\u2019t grasp the reality well.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Gender biases also play a role. In Rwanda, senior leaders and trainers told me that female peacekeepers naturally knew how to respond to local women\u2019s needs by dint of being the same sex. They believed women inherently possessed the required skill set, incorporating the traditional feminine traits of empathy, compassion, communication and the ability to care for vulnerable people.<\/p>\n

There was also an assumption circulating that Rwandan women were good at providing victim assistance because of the country\u2019s own history of conflict, where some 350,000 to 500,000 women were raped<\/a> during the civil war and genocide in 1994. Women awaiting deployment on peacekeeping missions appeared to have internalised this stereotype, even though more than half of those I interviewed were between 18- and 23-years-old and born after 1994. This self-stereotyping resulted in a false confidence among the trainee peacekeepers that they were equipped to counsel and support traumatised women and girls.<\/p>\n

Training partnerships<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rwandan female police peacekeepers I spoke to who had worked in UN missions in Darfur, South Sudan and Haiti, hadn\u2019t felt as ill-prepared as their military colleagues. According to one senior female police peacekeeper, community engagement was a big part of their day-to-day job in Rwanda and they had significant experience helping those affected by violence. Yet currently, the Rwanda National Police and the Rwanda Defence Force run separate training programmes.<\/p>\n

To help mitigate some of the issues I\u2019ve found in my research, the police and military could share good practice and develop joint pre-deployment training sessions on the implementation of the UN\u2019s protection of civilians mandate, including providing assistance to victims. At the same time, the UN, regional organisations and those countries that contribute troops to peacekeeping missions should continue to work together<\/a> to strengthen their training.<\/p>\n

This post first appeared on The Conversation, 29 May 2019. Dr Georgina Holmes is a Leverhulme Early Career Research Fellow in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Reading. Her research, funded by The Leverhulme Trust, focuses on security sector reform, pre-deployment training and the integration of African uniformed personnel in UN peace operations. <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

UN peacekeeping missions often involve dealing with cases of violence and rape. Georgina Holmes’ research has shown that female military peacekeepers are often inadequately prepared to help survivors of conflict…Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":127,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[403,666,1084,870,907],"class_list":["post-17950","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-prosperity-resilience","tag-global-development","tag-peacekeeping","tag-politics-and-international-relations","tag-the-conversation","tag-united-nations"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFemale military peacekeepers left feeling overwhelmed after inadequate training - Connecting Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2019\/06\/03\/female-military-peacekeepers-left-feeling-overwhelmed-after-inadequate-training\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Female military peacekeepers left feeling overwhelmed after inadequate training - Connecting Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"UN peacekeeping missions often involve dealing with cases of violence and rape. 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