{"id":20169,"date":"2020-04-16T18:21:35","date_gmt":"2020-04-16T17:21:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/?p=20169"},"modified":"2021-11-12T16:04:18","modified_gmt":"2021-11-12T16:04:18","slug":"book-clubs-and-the-blitz-how-wwii-britons-kept-calm-and-got-reading","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2020\/04\/16\/book-clubs-and-the-blitz-how-wwii-britons-kept-calm-and-got-reading\/","title":{"rendered":"Book clubs and the Blitz: how WWII Britons kept calm and got reading"},"content":{"rendered":"

As people remain confined to their homes, options for what we do with our free leisure time has become restricted. Associate Professor Nicola Wilson from the School of Literature and Languages explores popular reading choices during the second world war and what this tells about how we get through a crisis in a recent post for The Conversation<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"people
Reading under the railway arches \u00a9 IWM D 1587<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

<\/p>\n

These are unprecedented times \u2013 but, even so, comparisons are being made to the second world war in terms of the magnitude of the crisis that coronavirus represents. Some of this rhetoric is unhelpful but, as we bunker down into our homes and the government gets on a war footing, there is little doubt that the challenge to our liberty, leisure time and sense of wellbeing is real.<\/p>\n

With early reports that book sales are soaring<\/a> while bookshops and warehouses close down and publishers reassess their lists, what can the reading patterns of an earlier generation tell us about getting through a crisis and staying at home?<\/p>\n

The restrictions at the beginning of the second world war affected all aspects of day-to-day life. But it was the blackout that topped most people\u2019s list of grievances<\/a> \u2013 above shortages of food and fuel, the evacuation, and lack of news and public services. Households were reprimanded and fined for showing chinks of light through windows, car lights were dimmed, and walking around, even along familiar streets, late at night became treacherous.<\/p>\n

With the widespread limitations to free movement, the book trade was quick off the mark. Books were promoted by libraries and book clubs as the very thing to fight boredom and fill blacked-out evenings at home or in shelters with pleasure and forgetfulness. \u201cBooks may become more necessary than gas-masks,\u201d the Book Society, Britain\u2019s first celebrity book club<\/a>, advised.<\/p>\n

Selling tales<\/h2>\n

I\u2019ve been researching the choices and recommendations of the Book Society for the past few years. The club was set up in 1929 and ran until the 1960s, shipping \u201ccarefully\u201d selected books out to thousands of readers each month. It was modelled on the success of the American Book-of-the-Month club (which launched in 1926) and aimed to boost book sales at a time when buying books wasn\u2019t common. It irritated some critics and booksellers who accused it of \u201cdumbing down\u201d and giving an unfair advantage to some books over others \u2013 but was hugely popular with readers.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Boots Book-lovers\u2019 Library flyer, c. 1939. Boots Company archives, Nottingham<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The Book Society was run by a selection committee of literary celebrities \u2013 the likes of JB Priestley, Sylvia Lynd, George Gordon, Edmund Blunden and Cecil Day-Lewis \u2013 chaired by bestselling novelist Hugh Walpole. Selections were not meant to be the \u201cbest\u201d of anything, but had to be worthwhile and deserving of people\u2019s time and hard-earned cash.<\/p>\n

Guaranteeing tens of thousands of extra sales, the club had a huge impact on the mid-20th-century book trade, with publishers desperate to get the increased sales and global reach of what publisher Harold Raymond called \u201cthe Book Society bun\u201d.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Books will go on<\/h2>\n

The Book Society guided readers through the confusion of appeasement and the run-up to the second world war with a marked increase in recommendations of political non-fiction examining contemporary geo-politics. The classic novel of appeasement was Elizabeth Bowen\u2019s The Death of the Heart (Book Society Choice in October 1938) in which a sense of malaise and inevitability of future war haunts the characters\u2019 desperate actions.<\/p>\n

When Britain finally declared war against Germany in September 1939, the Book Society judges were divided. Some were relieved that, as George Gordon put it, \u201can intolerable situation has at last acquired the awful explicitness of war\u201d. But others were devastated, especially Edmund Blunden who was still traumatised from fighting in the first world war.<\/p>\n

The judges advised members that when they became weary of news, people \u201cwill turn to books as the best comfort\u201d, as had happened in the first world war with the increase in reading and library membership. Publishers and booksellers faced huge challenges during the second world war, including paper shortages, problems in distribution, a vanishing workforce, and bomb damage to offices and warehouses. But there were more readers \u2013 and from a wider social class \u2013 at the end of it. Demand consistently outstripped supply as consumer expenditure on books more than doubled between 1938 and 1945.<\/p>\n

What people were reading<\/h2>\n

Throughout the second world war, the Book Society varied its lists between books that offered some insight on the strangeness of contemporary life and works of fiction \u2013 especially historical fiction \u2013 that took readers\u2019 minds off it.<\/p>\n

Titles in the first group include comic novels by the likes of E M Delafield and Evelyn Waugh, as well as forgotten bestsellers like Ethel Vance\u2019s Escape (1939) (an unlikely thriller set in a concentration camp) and Reaching for the Stars (1939), American journalist Nora Waln\u2019s inside account of life in Nazi Germany.<\/p>\n

More topical non-fiction became a priority as the devastation of the Blitz kicked in. Winged Words: Our Airmen Speak for Themselves (1941)<\/a> and Into Battle: Winston Churchill\u2019s War Speeches (1941)<\/a> were especially popular.<\/p>\n

Historical fiction was consistently in demand. Half the club\u2019s choices in 1941 were long novels with historical settings. As today\u2019s readers prepare to batten down the hatches with Hilary Mantel\u2019s 900-page latest<\/a> book, it is sobering to reflect on how an imaginative connection with the past has long helped readers find relief from the madness of the present.<\/p>\n

The other fail-safes in the second world war were the classics. As books already in print became scarce, the Book Society reissued new editions of Jane Austen\u2019s Pride and Prejudice, and Tolstoy\u2019s War and Peace and Anna Karenina. These were books that Walpole said he believed he could sit down with even through an air raid.<\/p>\n

Indeed, Neilsen BookScan has reported<\/a> a rise in sales of classic fiction as the coronavirus crisis deepens \u2013 including War and Peace \u2013 as readers use this unfamiliar time to knuckle down to the heavyweights.<\/p>\n

You can also join a War and Peace reading group online<\/a> if you want a bit of company. After the homeschooling, working from home, and everything else. Here goes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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