{"id":20298,"date":"2020-05-07T08:50:56","date_gmt":"2020-05-07T07:50:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/?p=20298"},"modified":"2021-11-15T10:50:08","modified_gmt":"2021-11-15T10:50:08","slug":"five-eye-catching-graphic-novels-that-define-the-genre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2020\/05\/07\/five-eye-catching-graphic-novels-that-define-the-genre\/","title":{"rendered":"Five eye-catching graphic novels that define the genre"},"content":{"rendered":"

Even for English professor, David Brauner, who teaches about the graphic novel, compiling an all-time top five list is challenging. It\u2019s not just the way that such a list is compiled, making agonising decisions over which favourites to exclude, but also because it raises tricky questions of definition. That the term refers not just to fiction but to life-writing, as in all manner of memoirs, diaries and so on, is accepted \u2013 but beyond that there is little consensus. Here he chooses five books that he regards as central to the graphic novel canon – that are both immediately arresting and also reward repeated re-reading.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Graphic novel, photo by Ginnerobot via flickr CC BY-SA 2.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

If there are multiple volumes (as with\u00a0Neil Gaiman\u2019s The Sandman<\/a>\u00a0or the\u00a0Hernandez brothers\u2019 Love and Rockets series<\/a>), should the whole series be counted as one epic graphic novel, or should only individual volumes be eligible?<\/p>\n

And what about a book like\u00a0Phoebe Gloeckner\u2019s The Diary of a Teenage Girl<\/a>(2002), which tells the story of an authorial alter-ego, Minnie, through a combination of prose diary entries, illustrations with captions, comic-strip narratives, letters, poems and photographs? Or\u00a0Joe Sacco\u2019s comic-strip documentary journalism<\/a>?<\/p>\n

I\u2019ve chosen five books that I (and many others) regard as central to the graphic novel canon. They are all richly textured, powerful, nuanced books that are immediately arresting but also reward repeated re-reading.<\/p>\n

1. Watchmen (1987)<\/h2>\n
\"\"
Watchman cover. Amazon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u2019 Watchmen<\/a>\u00a0works on so many levels \u2013 it is, among other things, a whodunnit, a love story, a commentary on Cold War politics and an exploration of fundamental philosophical and ethical questions.<\/p>\n

\n
Watchmen is an homage to \u2013 and a deconstruction of \u2013 the classic superhero comic-strip narrative, which in turn has inspired numerous subsequent revisions of the genre, from <\/span>Pixar\u2019s The Incredibles<\/a>\u00a0(2004) to the Marvel Comics (and later MCU\u2019s)\u00a0<\/span>Avengers civil war storyline<\/a>.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n

Shifting points of view, disrupting chronology, layering texts within texts, Watchmen is a hugely ambitious narrative that discloses new details with every fresh reading. It\u2019s also a real page-turner.<\/p>\n

2. Maus (1991)<\/h2>\n

Art Spiegelman\u2019s masterpiece, Maus<\/a>, probably did more than any other graphic novel to make readers and critics take this genre seriously.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"\"
Maus cover. Amazon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

It\u2019s the story of the author\u2019s father, Vladek, who survived Auschwitz, as well as the story of Spiegelman\u2019s relationship with him. Controversially representing Jews as anthropomorphised mice, preyed upon by German cat-people and often betrayed by Polish pig-people, Maus nevertheless resists stereotypes. The novel represents both its author and his father as flawed, complex individuals who struggle in different ways to deal with the legacy of a trauma that makes itself felt in every aspect of their lives.<\/p>\n

3. Ghost World (1997)<\/h2>\n

Daniel Clowes\u2019\u00a0Ghost World\u00a0is the shortest \u2013 and at first glance the most straightforward \u2013 of my choices. It\u2019s a bittersweet tale of the friendship, and gradual estrangement, of recent high-school graduates Enid and Becky.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Ghost World cover. Amazon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Cynical and vulnerable, with a sardonic sense of humour and a nostalgic streak, Enid is, in part, a portrait of the artist as a young girl, grapping with her sexuality, ethnicity and her conflicting expectations of herself.<\/p>\n

But Ghost World is also a powerful evocation of what it is like to drift, ghost-like, through a nondescript, soulless urban environment that is itself ghostly. Full of quirky characters and memorable images, Ghost World manages, paradoxically, to represent boredom and ennui vividly and entertainingly.<\/p>\n

4. Jimmy Corrigan, the Smartest Kid on Earth (2000)<\/h2>\n

Chris Ware\u2019s\u00a0Jimmy Corrigan<\/a>\u00a0was the first graphic novel to be awarded major literary prizes on both sides of the Atlantic \u2013 the\u00a0American Book Award<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0The Guardian First Book Award<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"
The Smartest Kid on Earth cover. Amazon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Like Watchmen, Jimmy Corrigan has a complex, non-linear structure and subverts conventional notions of (super)heroism. Like Maus, it is a book about fathers and sons; and like Ghost World, it has a protagonist who is drifting aimlessly through life, alienated from the world around him.<\/p>\n

Yet it is visually and formally more radical than any of the other books on this list. Chris Ware\u2019s dark palette and landscape format and his use of diagrams, instructions and definitions make the book, as an object and text, highly unusual. In terms of narrative, too, Ware is a great innovator \u2013 the absence of exposition and page numbering, the abrupt transitions between a historical narrative focusing on Jimmy\u2019s grandfather and the present-day narrative focusing on Jimmy, the use of surreal dream sequences and the disruption of conventional panel sequencing all make Jimmy Corrigan challenging.<\/p>\n

But it\u2019s well worth the effort. It is a beautiful, heartbreaking story that has been much imitated but never bettered.<\/p>\n

5. Fun Home (2006)<\/h2>\n

Alison Bechdel\u2019s Fun Home<\/a> is a self-consciously literary coming of age novel that pays homage to James Joyce, Marcel Proust and Oscar Wilde, among others.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Fun Home cover. Amazon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

It is a moving memoir about the author\u2019s relationship with her father, whose queer sexuality finds an echo in her lesbianism, and whose (possible) suicide haunts the book.<\/p>\n

Adapted as an award-winning musical, Fun Home reached an audience that might never have encountered the bestselling graphic novel. Yet while Fun Home the musical is fun, just like the film adaptations of Watchmen and Ghost World, it can\u2019t quite do justice to the complexity of the original.<\/p>\n

What I hope a reading of these titles will demonstrate to any newcomers is that these are not just great graphic novels but great works of art. The term graphic novel was initially deployed in order to confer intellectual credibility<\/a>\u00a0on what had been previously seen as a trivial form of entertainment aimed primarily at children. But the works listed above rival anything done in the novel form over the same period \u2013 some of the most innovative and exciting work in fiction and life-writing is being done right now in the graphic novel form.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

David Brauner<\/a> is Professor of Contemporary Literature in the Department of English Literature, University of Reading<\/p>\n

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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