{"id":21181,"date":"2020-10-20T09:33:25","date_gmt":"2020-10-20T08:33:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/?p=21181"},"modified":"2023-04-24T12:49:39","modified_gmt":"2023-04-24T11:49:39","slug":"the-crazy-uncle-in-the-oval-office-how-donald-trumps-social-media-use-changed-us-politics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2020\/10\/20\/the-crazy-uncle-in-the-oval-office-how-donald-trumps-social-media-use-changed-us-politics\/","title":{"rendered":"The \u2018crazy uncle\u2019 in the Oval Office: how Donald Trump\u2019s social media use changed US politics"},"content":{"rendered":"

NBC anchor Savannah Guthrie looks to have delivered one of the most memorable lines of the US 2020 election campaign at Donald Trump\u2019s town hall meeting on October 15. Challenging one of the US president\u2019s more outlandish recent social media interventions \u2013 when he retweeted a\u00a0conspiracy theory<\/a>\u00a0alleging that Osama bin Laden is still alive and that Joe Biden and Barack Obama \u201cmay have had Seal Team 6 killed\u201d \u2013 she shot him down in flames, saying: \u201cYou\u2019re not, like, someone\u2019s crazy uncle who can just retweet whatever.\u201d<\/p>\n

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In a reality-TV presidential campaign it was a moment that took the theatrics up another notch, but one that lifts the curtain on a mix of happenstance and strategy that has ensured Trump has been front and centre of the news agenda since the moment he rode down the escalator in Trump Tower back in 2015 to declare his presidential candidacy.<\/p>\n

Ever since then, Trump has played fast and loose with the truth. The Washington Post tracks the president\u2019s misleading claims and had\u00a0clocked up more than 20,000<\/a>\u00a0from his inauguration on January 20 2016 to July 9 2020. Trump is uniquely unencumbered by self-doubt, morals, or any kind of filter that might deflect the spotlight from himself.<\/p>\n

Trump launched his political career in the age of social media, something I\u00a0wrote about<\/a>\u00a0in The Trump Presidency: From Campaign Trail to World Stage, noting his desire for short-term \u201cwinning\u201d moments so often amplified beyond their policy value through social media.<\/p>\n

Leveraging the celebrity status of his long television career on mainstream network NBC\u2019s The Apprentice, he arrived at the perfect moment to align political communication with the hit-hungry platforms of social media moguls Mark Zuckerberg at Facebook and Jack Dorsey at Twitter. Both platforms operate in a world where algorithms surface information likely to go viral. They platforms were (and remain)\u00a0woefully underregulated<\/a>\u00a0and, taken together, both have become dangerous homes for at best, ridiculous alternative narratives, and at worst, dangerous and damaging lies.<\/p>\n

Fake news president<\/h2>\n

Trump is the\u00a0fake news president<\/a>. He has set the news narrative on an almost daily basis by saying something outrageous and then sitting back and watching his opponents, the media \u2013 and indeed all of America \u2013 dissect whatever brag, lie or slander he\u2019s launched that day. Often he throws half a dozen tweets out knowing one will stick (he averages over 30 tweets a day<\/a>). Their purpose is to deflect from whatever real challenges he faces in his presidency.<\/p>\n

Sometimes all that is apparent is his lack of the knowledge one might expect from a president, as in describing Prince Charles as the \u201cPrince of Whales<\/a>\u201d. Sometimes it\u2019s how unpleasant he can be when he stoops to very personal attacks \u2013 such as his long-running sniping at Senator John McCain,\u00a0even after McCain died<\/a>. And sometimes he uses social media to enable extremists \u2013 as on July 1 2020 when he\u00a0retweeted a video<\/a>\u00a0of his supporters yelling \u201cwhite power\u201d, and failed to immediately delete it despite being called out from all sides.<\/p>\n

Unsurprisingly, Facebook and Twitter have been slow to censor even Trump\u2019s most egregious lies. These platforms are in business not as arbiters of decency and truth, but to make money, as much as they can and from as many of us as possible.<\/p>\n

They aim to be ubiquitous, and having Trump surf their wave has enhanced their reach exponentially \u2013 Twitter by the president\u2019s direct and daily use of the platform, and Facebook by being the chief means for seeding the conversations that will ultimately influence Americans to lend either Trump or Biden their vote in November.<\/p>\n

Platforms of anger<\/h2>\n

I\u2019m currently engaged in research as to how, since 2016, both platforms have become platforms of anger, building bubbles and echo chambers that swell and burst as every new political play gains traction. And, as MIT showed in its\u00a02018 study<\/a>, fake news travels much faster than the truth, gaining currency far quicker and travelling much further than anything as dull as a fact. With a plodding Biden campaign well ahead in the polls, expect the Trump campaign to step up the alternative news agenda exponentially to disrupt the Biden narrative and sow the seeds of doubt in voters\u2019 minds.<\/p>\n

We\u2019re used to \u201cOctober surprises<\/a>\u201d in US presidential races. Some \u2013 like the Comey investigation into Hillary Clinton\u2019s emails back in 2016 \u2013 can derail a candidate, while others fall flat. That\u2019s what appears to be happening with the Republicans\u2019 attempt to seed a story through the New York Post about Joe Biden\u2019s son Hunter. As a story it hit every GOP voter button, supposed Biden hypocrisy and kleptocracy \u2013 and at the hands of the Ukrainians and Chinese too.<\/p>\n

The story was dubious, to the extent that\u00a0both Facebook and Twitter<\/a>\u00a0stepped in to block its circulation. Republicans cried foul, but the story\u2019s provenance was questionable, appearing to emanate from Trump lawyer and surrogate Rudy Giuliani and former chief strategist Steve Bannon. But without clear proof that the story is a hoax,\u00a0Twitter has now back-tracked<\/a>\u00a0on its decision.<\/p>\n

So does this intervention mark a serious and long-lasting change in policy for Facebook and Twitter? Unlikely. They\u00a0have<\/em>\u00a0taken steps to police both content and content providers on their platforms in recent months, but even Facebook\u2019s much publicised\u00a0taking down<\/a>\u00a0of 19 Russian-linked accounts in September was merely frittering around the edges.<\/p>\n

The power of these platforms exceeds the founders\u2019 ability to police them \u2013 even if they wanted to. And while both platforms make vast amounts of money through advertising and data licensing, they are unlikely to turn off the kind of content that draws users back addictively and offers such rich bounty for advertisers. Ultimately, self-regulation will be ineffectual – and even\u00a0formal regulation<\/a>\u00a0may prove unenforceable in a nation so wedded to the first amendment\u2019s right of free speech.<\/p>\n

Frankly, that works perfectly well for whoever takes the White House on November 3. The courts have offered little by way of regulation in the social media era. Expect little more in future, whoever wins. The \u201ccrazy uncle\u201d may depart the stage, but social media as\u00a0the<\/em>\u00a0tool of political communication is just getting started.<\/p>\n

Mark Shanahan<\/a> is Head of the Department of Politics and International Relations.<\/p>\n

This article is republished from\u00a0The Conversation<\/a>\u00a0under a Creative Commons license.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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