{"id":21228,"date":"2020-11-11T09:09:21","date_gmt":"2020-11-11T09:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/?p=21228"},"modified":"2021-11-12T09:16:19","modified_gmt":"2021-11-12T09:16:19","slug":"the-foreign-policy-legacy-that-donald-trump-leaves-joe-biden","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2020\/11\/11\/the-foreign-policy-legacy-that-donald-trump-leaves-joe-biden\/","title":{"rendered":"The foreign policy legacy that Donald Trump leaves Joe Biden"},"content":{"rendered":"

Donald Trump promised<\/a><\/u>\u00a0the American people that he would \u201cMake America Great Again\u201d by pursuing an America First foreign policy as president. The pledge, made on his inaguration day, stemmed from his belief that the international liberal order created by the US at the end of the second world war no longer served its purpose. America\u2019s expensive commitments abroad had left the country exhausted and overstretched.<\/p>\n

While Washington\u2019s elites acted as the policeman of the world, as he saw it European allies were given a free pass on American largesse. Unfair trade agreements and globalisation had caused much damage to the US economy and, as a consequence, Americans struggled with wage stagnation and a rising cost of living. He was not far from the truth: American\u00a0foreign policy has been in dire straits<\/a><\/u>\u00a0for quite a few decades.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

As Trump\u2019s administration approaches its end point, this is probably the most significant aspect of his foreign policy legacy. He pointed out an inconvenient truth that both the Democratic and Republican parties had refused to acknowledge: the US could no longer sustain a policy of global supremacy at the expense of domestic economic stability.<\/p>\n

Unfortunately for the American people and the rest of the world, Trump was unable to deliver on his promise to make America great again. Even though he didn\u2019t win a second term in the Oval Office, he leaves behind a foreign policy legacy that will make the job of his successor, Joe Biden, very difficult.<\/p>\n

Roll back<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trump spent his one term in the White House\u00a0rolling back or striking down<\/a><\/u>\u00a0many of the policies of his predecessor, Barack Obama, withdrawing from international institutions and treaties, and weakening historical alliances. But he never put forward a cohesive foreign policy strategy that would renew US global leadership, strengthen the economy and protect national security.<\/p>\n

By appointing\u00a0inexperienced family members<\/a><\/u>\u00a0to lead key foreign policy issues, shifting foreign policy-making into the White House and\u00a0forcing a business-like restructuring<\/a><\/u>\u00a0of the State Department, he undermined the administration\u2019s ability to think strategically about the US role in the world and its long-term goals in specific regions.<\/p>\n

He also failed to fully transition from businessman to commander-in-chief. He often relied on short-term solutions and quick fixes. His private character and operating style, such as the reckless\u00a0use of Twitter-diplomacy<\/a><\/u>, left allies and enemies puzzled, to say the least, about his knowledge and understanding of his role. This eroded the credibility of America\u2019s international commitments and its capacity to act effectively in the international realm.<\/p>\n

Trump\u2019s rejection of international organisations has left the US exposed to transnational threats. COVID-19 is, sadly, the perfect example of the isolationist backlash. His\u00a0decision to part<\/a><\/u>\u00a0from the World Health Organization made the US even more vulnerable at the height of a global pandemic.<\/p>\n

Withdrawing from the Paris Agreement<\/a><\/u>\u00a0on climate not only put the US at the back of the fight against climate change, it also harmed America\u2019s soft power, prestige and global leadership. It also allowed Beijing to claim the moral high ground on an issue that affects the entire planet, thus\u00a0strengthening Chinese soft power<\/a><\/u>. Biden has\u00a0already indicated<\/a><\/u>\u00a0he plans to rejoin the Paris Agreement as soon as he is inaugurated.<\/p>\n

China stepped into the vacuum<\/strong><\/p>\n

Despite accusing China of being a currency manipulator, an intellectual property thief and a cyber-terrorist, Trump often praised Xi Jinping, referring to China\u2019s president and chairman of the Chinese Communist Party\u00a0as a friend<\/a><\/u>. He had similar praise for other authoritarian leaders, including Russia\u2019s\u00a0Vladimir Putin<\/a><\/u>, North Korea\u2019s\u00a0Kim Jong-un <\/a><\/u>and Turkey\u2019s\u00a0Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Of all the Trump\u2019s foreign policy failures, his\u00a0China policy<\/a><\/u>\u00a0is probably the most significant. Sino-American relations are actually much worse now than when he took office. Withdrawing from the\u00a0Trans-Pacific Partnership<\/a><\/u>\u00a0early on in January 2017 created a power vacuum in Asia that Beijing has been more than happy to fill. This has generated uncertainty about the role of the US as a guarantor of the security of its allies.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0so-called trade war<\/a><\/u>\u00a0with China has caused much damage to the US economy. Exports to China have been falling steadily since 2017 and manufacturing jobs\u00a0have not returned<\/a><\/u>\u00a0to the US. Meanwhile, Beijing has\u00a0increased its military activities<\/a><\/u>\u00a0in the South China Sea, launched multiple cyber-attacks and violently repressed\u00a0nearly a million Uighurs<\/a><\/u>\u00a0in Xinjiang province.<\/p>\n

Four years of campaigning<\/strong><\/p>\n

In the Middle East, Trump deserves credit for the\u00a0normalisation of relations<\/a><\/u>\u00a0between Israel and the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, but overall his foreign policy has been a mix of confused and contradictory priorities. The threat from nuclear weapons has grown considerably over the past four years. And despite Trump\u2019s claims that his personal diplomacy style was the key to avoid war on his watch, the truth is that both\u00a0Pyongyang<\/a><\/u>\u00a0and\u00a0Tehran have continued<\/a><\/u>\u00a0to build up their nuclear arsenals.<\/p>\n

The Trump administration\u2019s priority was to maintain support from its isolationist electoral base. In this sense, Trump never really left the campaign trail. He easily sacrificed US strategic interests around the world to appease those who voted for him because of his promises to put \u201cAmerica first\u201d and \u201cdrain the swamp\u201d.<\/p>\n

But withdrawing US leadership\u00a0from the international stage<\/a><\/u>, refusing to engage with global issues and starting a trade war with China were clearly not the solution to \u201cMake America Great Again\u201d. On the contrary, they have seemed to be the quickest way to make China the world\u2019s greatest power in the 21st century.<\/p>\n

Mara Oliva is an associate professor in the Department of History.<\/p>\n

This article is republished from\u00a0The Conversation<\/a>\u00a0under a Creative Commons license.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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