{"id":21391,"date":"2021-01-05T09:29:58","date_gmt":"2021-01-05T09:29:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/?p=21391"},"modified":"2021-01-05T09:29:58","modified_gmt":"2021-01-05T09:29:58","slug":"overshadowed-by-covid-the-deadly-extreme-weather-of-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2021\/01\/05\/overshadowed-by-covid-the-deadly-extreme-weather-of-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"Overshadowed by COVID: the deadly extreme weather of 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"

The year 2020 will no doubt go down in history for other reasons, but it is also on target to be one of the warmest on record<\/a>. And as the climate warms, natural hazards will happen more frequently \u2013 and be ever more lethal.<\/p>\n

We are early career researchers in meteorology, geography and environmental sciences, and each of us focus on a different hazard. We may not have been as in demand as our colleagues in virology departments, but we nonetheless had a particularly interesting and busy year. So while attention was often focused elsewhere, perhaps understandably, here are some of the meteorological extremes recorded in 2020.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Thermometer against the background of an orange yellow hot glow of clouds and sun, concept of hot weather<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

<\/p>\n

Wicked wildfires<\/strong><\/p>\n

The year began with apocalyptic scenes of wildfires in Australia, fuelled by heatwaves<\/a>. It was an image that would play out time and time again in 2020.<\/p>\n

In June, Siberia began to burn<\/a> on an unprecedented scale, at the same time as record temperatures which climate change had made 600 times more likely<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Through July and August, the west coast of the US was ablaze. The worst wildfire season in 70 years<\/a>\u00a0again coincided with a heatwave, with Death Valley in California recording America\u2019s highest temperature for at least a century \u2013 maybe ever<\/a>.<\/p>\n

By September, the Amazon rainforest and the world\u2019s largest wetland to its south, the Pantanal, were on fire<\/a>. More than a quarter of those fires happened in forest that had not been disturbed by deforestation<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In September 2019, fires in the Amazon had made worldwide headlines. In 2020 there were actually 66% more fires in that month<\/a>, but attention was elsewhere.<\/p>\n

Savage storms<\/strong><\/p>\n

In November, super typhoon Goni made landfall in the Philippines while at maximum intensity, with\u00a0sustained wind speeds of 195mph<\/a>. One of the strongest storms to ever make landfall worldwide, Goni directly affected nearly nearly 70 million people<\/a>, leading to at least 26 fatalities \u2013 a number that would have undoubtedly been higher if not for the evacuation of almost 1 million people<\/a>.<\/p>\n

But it wasn\u2019t just wind that posed serious hazards in the western Pacific in 2020. Tropical storms Linfa and Nangka caused significant flooding across Vietnam, exacerbating the problems caused by an unusually active monsoon. More than 136,000 homes<\/a> were flooded and more than 100 people<\/a> died.<\/p>\n

In the North Atlantic, 2020 was the busiest hurricane season on record<\/a>, with 30 named storms and six major hurricanes. The single costliest storm of the season, Hurricane Laura<\/a>, made landfall in Haiti and Louisiana, killing 77 people and causing more than US$14 billion (\u00a310 billion) in damages<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Two major hurricanes, Eta and Iota, caused significant damage in Honduras and Nicaragua. They made landfall in the region in November, just two weeks and 15 miles<\/a> apart. This is a humanitarian crisis<\/a> yet one that has received relatively little attention overseas.<\/p>\n

Frightening floods<\/strong><\/p>\n

The world\u2019s deadliest flooding this year took place in east Africa in March through May. At least\u00a0430 lives<\/a>\u00a0were lost and an estimated\u00a0116,000 people<\/a>\u00a0were displaced in Kenya alone. The previous dry season was particularly wet, and was followed by above average rainfall during the\u00a0\u201clong rains\u201d of March-May<\/a>, meaning the vast Lake Victoria had\u00a0twice its normal rainfall<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Devastating droughts<\/strong><\/p>\n

Water crises caused by droughts and resource mismanagement were ranked as the fifth highest risk in terms of impact in the 2020 Global Risks Report –\u00a0greater than infectious diseases and unemployment<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The severe drought across central and western US is the first billion-dollar drought of 2020, contributing to a record-breaking 16 weather and climate disasters with\u00a0USD$1 billion or more in damages<\/a>\u00a0in the US in 2020 alone.<\/p>\n

Conditions during 2020 represented the latest phase of a \u201cmega-drought\u201d over the\u00a0past 20 years<\/a>. By the peak in summer,\u00a0a third of the US<\/a>\u00a0was in a moderate drought and much of the west was under severe to extreme drought. This coincided with abnormally hot summer temperatures and\u00a0over 2 million acres of land burned nationwide<\/a>, further enhancing drought conditions in a vicious cycle.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The latest seasonal outlooks estimate that drought conditions may\u00a0extend westwards and persist into 2021<\/a>, complicating the recovery from a difficult year.<\/p>\n

Horrendous heatwaves<\/strong><\/p>\n

In May, while a\u00a0large cyclone<\/a>\u00a0struck Bangladesh and eastern India, the north of India experienced temperatures of up to\u00a047\u2103<\/a>. This also\u00a0delayed the onset of the monsoon<\/a>, impacting farming.<\/p>\n

The northern hemisphere summer saw repeated heatwaves, culminating in mid-August. Japan, for instance, had\u00a0record-breaking temperatures<\/a>\u00a0with cities across the country having multiple days at 40\u00b0C. In one week, more than\u00a012,000 people<\/a>\u00a0were admitted to hospital with heat-related illnesses. Even the UK\u2019s heatwave, accompanied by\u00a0tropical nights<\/a>, caused\u00a01,700 excess deaths<\/a>.<\/p>\n

At the start of the summer season in Australia,\u00a0temperature records have already been broken<\/a>. It seems the year will go out on an extreme high.<\/p>\n

2020 was alarming, unforgettable and traumatic \u2013 and not only because of COVID-19. Lethal natural hazards are\u00a0increasing in frequency<\/a>\u00a0under our changing climate, and 2020 is a testament to that.<\/p>\n

Chloe Brimacombe and Gabby Powell are postgraduate research students in the Department for Geography and Environmental Science, Elliott Sainsbury and Wilson Chan are postgraduate research students in the Department of Meterorology.<\/p>\n

This article is republished from\u00a0The Conversation<\/a>\u00a0under a Creative Commons license.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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