{"id":22145,"date":"2021-06-25T12:42:45","date_gmt":"2021-06-25T11:42:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/?p=22145"},"modified":"2021-06-28T10:52:47","modified_gmt":"2021-06-28T09:52:47","slug":"robot-farmers-could-improve-jobs-and-help-fight-climate-change-if-theyre-developed-responsibly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2021\/06\/25\/robot-farmers-could-improve-jobs-and-help-fight-climate-change-if-theyre-developed-responsibly\/","title":{"rendered":"Robot farmers could improve jobs and help fight climate change \u2013 if they\u2019re developed responsibly"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Farming robots that can move autonomously in an open field or greenhouse promise a cleaner, safer agricultural future. But there are also potential downsides, from the loss of much-needed jobs to the safety of those working alongside the robots.<\/p>\n<p>To ensure that the use of autonomous robots on farms creates more benefits than losses, a process of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43016-021-00287-9.epdf?sharing_token=5W_kJozSqIVFCmNg0wglddRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0O_jtUzLL0lamKdqxKuhLtTW3QKZZUCG6T0Xu2A2e9taefNPAwgL07UROyBI6L-jzc4NL9ZgBhBaW7IUVRAFmPwwhWOeQbkbU7fIWFTdjtEUz4dAs7ApCRN1Ox-NTd0UA8%3D\">responsible development<\/a> is required. Society as a whole needs to be involved in setting the trajectories for future farming.<\/p>\n<p>We are part of a project called <a href=\"https:\/\/gtr.ukri.org\/projects?ref=51367\">Robot Highways<\/a>, which is currently demonstrating multiple uses for autonomous robots made by Saga Robotics on a fruit farm in south-east England. Robots are now treating plant diseases in fields and glasshouses, and will be mapping terrain, picking, packing, and providing logistical support to workers over the course of the project. This is achieved by attaching different tools to an autonomous \u201cbase robot\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-22146 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2021\/06\/dairy-farm-2811887_640.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2021\/06\/dairy-farm-2811887_640.jpg 640w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2021\/06\/dairy-farm-2811887_640-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2021\/06\/dairy-farm-2811887_640-272x182.jpg 272w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>In this way, autonomous farming robots have the potential to do some of the laborious agricultural work for which farmers in some countries often struggle to find employees at a cost that keeps food prices competitive. Our project has produced an estimate that robots may eventually help reduce the number of human farm workers needed by <a href=\"https:\/\/gtr.ukri.org\/projects?ref=51367\">up to 40%<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time, robots could help create new jobs. The UK\u2019s National Farmers\u2019 Union <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nfuonline.com\/nfu-online\/news\/the-future-of-food-2040\/\">argues<\/a> that increasing use of digital technologies in farms will attract younger, skilled people to a sector struggling with an ageing workforce.<\/p>\n<p>There could also be environmental benefits. Swapping traditional, fossil fuel-powered farm machinery for electric robots charged from renewable sources will cut farming\u2019s carbon emissions. Robots equipped with ultraviolet lights that can kill mildew on plants could reduce fungicide use by <a href=\"https:\/\/sagarobotics.com\/pages\/light-treatment\">up to 90%<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Machines like those produced by the Small Robot Company can navigate in tight spaces between objects like trees, so could potentially be used in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.agricology.co.uk\/resources\/agroforestry-farming-future\">agroforestry<\/a> systems to perform weeding, disease treatment and mapping. They could also help reduce chemical use on farms by targeting individual plants, rather than whole fields.<\/p>\n<p>However, unrestricted use of autonomous farming robots could <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11119-020-09757-9\">also create problems<\/a>. In parts of the world where there is not an agricultural labour shortage, reducing the demand for human workers means people will need resources and opportunities to retrain in other sectors. They may just end up moving into dull, dangerous and underpaid jobs in other industries <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/clean-energy-the-worlds-demand-for-copper-could-be-catastrophic-for-communities-and-environments-157872\">such as mining<\/a>, which will be needed to produce the materials to make the robots.<\/p>\n<p>Humans who are left on the farm \u2013 or walkers on footpaths \u2013 will face health and safety concerns from having to work alongside the robots. The possibility of someone hacking a farm robot and forcing it to do their bidding cannot be overlooked. And poorer farms that can\u2019t afford robots at all are likely to be left at a disadvantage.<\/p>\n<p>There are also concerns over the ownership of the data collected by robots operated by commercial companies \u2013 and whether that <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/we-dont-own-data-like-we-own-a-car-which-is-why-we-find-data-harder-to-protect-98469\">data<\/a> will be used for the benefit of those companies, rather than the farmers.<\/p>\n<h2>Responsible development<\/h2>\n<p>To make sure farming robots are developed responsibly, we need to get those people who might be affected by the technology \u2013- from manufacturers and regulators to rural communities -\u2013 thinking about all its possible implications.<\/p>\n<p>This <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43016-021-00287-9.epdf?sharing_token=5W_kJozSqIVFCmNg0wglddRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0O_jtUzLL0lamKdqxKuhLtTW3QKZZUCG6T0Xu2A2e9taefNPAwgL07UROyBI6L-jzc4NL9ZgBhBaW7IUVRAFmPwwhWOeQbkbU7fIWFTdjtEUz4dAs7ApCRN1Ox-NTd0UA8%3D\">might include<\/a> so-called\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.simpleusability.com\/inspiration\/2018\/08\/wizard-of-oz-testing-a-method-of-testing-a-system-that-does-not-yet-exist\/\">\u201cWizard of Oz\u201d studies<\/a>, in which remote controlled robots are tested alongside human users in order to simulate what reactions and consequences fully autonomous robots might produce once the technology is ready. This would allow robot designers to save money and manage expectations by studying user experience at the early stages of development. Another option is hosting \u201crobot movie nights\u201d to help show the public how robots on the farm would behave.<\/p>\n<p>Once countries allow autonomous robots to be used on farms, safety and data-ownership regulations will need to be swiftly updated. In Australia, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.graincentral.com\/machinery\/autonomous-ag-machinery-code-of-practice-takes-shape\/\">code of practice<\/a> for such robots has been developed in the crop sector and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.harper-adams.ac.uk\/news\/203570\/code-of-practice-for-autonomous-crop-equipment-planned\">similar work<\/a> is underway in the UK. This will set out robots\u2019 obligations, state the conditions in which robots can be used, and determine who is responsible for worker and public safety.<\/p>\n<p>The stakes of getting things wrong are high. Injured workers, hacked or unreliable robots, or negative consumer perception could all stand in the way of the promises of autonomous robots being realised. To help avoid this, governments can start providing rural digital and internet infrastructure, training, and financial support so that farmers can hit the ground running if autonomous robots hit the market.<\/p>\n<p>Will we see autonomous robots picking fruit across Britain by 2025 \u2013 or even sooner? That depends: not on the quality of our technology alone, but also on our ability to work together to listen, learn and respond to the needs of farmers and society alike.<\/p>\n<p>David Rose is the Elizabeth Creak Associate Professor of Agricultural Innovation and Extension in the Department of Applied Economics and Marketing, Simon Pearson is a Professor of Agri-Food Technology and Marc Hanheide is a Professor of Intelligent Robotics and Interactive Systems at the University of Lincoln.<\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/robot-farmers-could-improve-jobs-and-help-fight-climate-change-if-theyre-developed-responsibly-162718\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation<\/a>\u00a0under a Creative Commons license.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Farming robots that can move autonomously in an open field or greenhouse promise a cleaner, safer agricultural future. But there are also potential downsides, from the loss of much-needed jobs&#8230;<a class=\"read-more\" href=\"&#104;&#116;&#116;&#112;&#115;&#58;&#47;&#47;&#114;&#101;&#115;&#101;&#97;&#114;&#99;&#104;&#46;&#114;&#101;&#97;&#100;&#105;&#110;&#103;&#46;&#97;&#99;&#46;&#117;&#107;&#47;&#114;&#101;&#115;&#101;&#97;&#114;&#99;&#104;&#45;&#98;&#108;&#111;&#103;&#47;&#50;&#48;&#50;&#49;&#47;&#48;&#54;&#47;&#50;&#53;&#47;&#114;&#111;&#98;&#111;&#116;&#45;&#102;&#97;&#114;&#109;&#101;&#114;&#115;&#45;&#99;&#111;&#117;&#108;&#100;&#45;&#105;&#109;&#112;&#114;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#45;&#106;&#111;&#98;&#115;&#45;&#97;&#110;&#100;&#45;&#104;&#101;&#108;&#112;&#45;&#102;&#105;&#103;&#104;&#116;&#45;&#99;&#108;&#105;&#109;&#97;&#116;&#101;&#45;&#99;&#104;&#97;&#110;&#103;&#101;&#45;&#105;&#102;&#45;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#121;&#114;&#101;&#45;&#100;&#101;&#118;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#112;&#101;&#100;&#45;&#114;&#101;&#115;&#112;&#111;&#110;&#115;&#105;&#98;&#108;&#121;&#47;\">Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":276,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1785],"tags":[47,189,773],"class_list":["post-22145","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-agriculture-food-and-health","tag-agriculture","tag-climate-change","tag-robotics"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Robot farmers could improve jobs and help fight climate change \u2013 if they\u2019re developed responsibly - Connecting Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2021\/06\/25\/robot-farmers-could-improve-jobs-and-help-fight-climate-change-if-theyre-developed-responsibly\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Robot farmers could improve jobs and help fight climate change \u2013 if they\u2019re developed responsibly - Connecting Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Farming robots that can move autonomously in an open field or greenhouse promise a cleaner, safer agricultural future. But there are also potential downsides, from the loss of much-needed jobs...Read More &gt;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2021\/06\/25\/robot-farmers-could-improve-jobs-and-help-fight-climate-change-if-theyre-developed-responsibly\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Connecting Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/theuniversityofreading\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-06-25T11:42:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-06-28T09:52:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2021\/06\/dairy-farm-2811887_640.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Anna Frej\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@UniRdg_Research\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@UniRdg_Research\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Anna Frej\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2021\/06\/25\/robot-farmers-could-improve-jobs-and-help-fight-climate-change-if-theyre-developed-responsibly\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2021\/06\/25\/robot-farmers-could-improve-jobs-and-help-fight-climate-change-if-theyre-developed-responsibly\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Anna Frej\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/#\/schema\/person\/a83a75a4fb8e557ec1f4d6b12e6d5971\"},\"headline\":\"Robot farmers could improve jobs and help fight climate change \u2013 if they\u2019re developed responsibly\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-06-25T11:42:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-06-28T09:52:47+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2021\/06\/25\/robot-farmers-could-improve-jobs-and-help-fight-climate-change-if-theyre-developed-responsibly\/\"},\"wordCount\":865,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"Agriculture\",\"climate change\",\"robotics\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Agriculture, Food &amp; Health\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2021\/06\/25\/robot-farmers-could-improve-jobs-and-help-fight-climate-change-if-theyre-developed-responsibly\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2021\/06\/25\/robot-farmers-could-improve-jobs-and-help-fight-climate-change-if-theyre-developed-responsibly\/\",\"name\":\"Robot farmers could improve jobs and help fight climate change \u2013 if they\u2019re developed responsibly - 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