{"id":2283,"date":"2018-03-29T11:05:14","date_gmt":"2018-03-29T10:05:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.reading.ac.uk\/the-forum\/?p=2283"},"modified":"2022-08-11T16:30:00","modified_gmt":"2022-08-11T15:30:00","slug":"protecting-iraqs-cultural-heritage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2018\/03\/29\/protecting-iraqs-cultural-heritage\/","title":{"rendered":"Protecting Iraq\u2019s cultural heritage"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<strong>Professor Roger Matthews&#8217; research focuses on the origins of\u00a0the earliest farmers\u00a0in the Eastern Fertile Crescent of Iran and Iraq. This work puts him at the heart of discussions about how best to protect Iraq\u2019s cultural heritage, which has long been\u00a0threatened by\u00a0conflicts in the region.\u00a0Here he tells us more about his work and his invitation to speak at a\u00a0UN Human Rights Council event earlier this month.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Jerwan-Aqueduct-detail-of-an-inscribed-block2000x1200.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2288\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Jerwan-Aqueduct-detail-of-an-inscribed-block2000x1200-1024x615.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"324\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Jerwan-Aqueduct-detail-of-an-inscribed-block2000x1200-1024x615.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Jerwan-Aqueduct-detail-of-an-inscribed-block2000x1200-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Jerwan-Aqueduct-detail-of-an-inscribed-block2000x1200-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Jerwan-Aqueduct-detail-of-an-inscribed-block2000x1200.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Jerwan Aqueduct, Inscribed Ashlar (\u00a9 Land of Nineveh Archaeological Project)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!--more-->The event I was invited to speak at took place at the Palais des Nations, the HQ of the United Nations Office at Geneva- a grand complex of buildings with sweeping views across Lake Geneva to the snow-clad Alpine mountains beyond. The session, chaired by Professor Marc-Andr\u00e9 Renold, University of Geneva, UNESCO Chair in International Law of Cultural Property, covered issues around cultural heritage, cultural rights and human rights.<\/p>\n<p>My presentation focused on heritage in Iraq, the devastation committed by Daesh on Iraq\u2019s cultural heritage, especially in Mosul, and the steps we at <a href=\"https:\/\/rashid-international.org\/\">RASHID International<\/a>, with our Iraqi colleagues, are undertaking to address and alleviate some of the most pressing issues.<\/p>\n<h4>The cradle of civilisation<\/h4>\n<p>Iraq is home to some of the most globally significant cultural heritage anywhere in the world. But that heritage is currently under severe threat. Also known as ancient Mesopotamia, or the Land between the Rivers, the land of Iraq is shaped by the two great rivers, Tigris and Euphrates, that flow from northwest to southeast. Human occupation of most of Iraq, from Baghdad south, has depended on agriculture irrigated by these rivers for thousands of years.<\/p>\n<p>Many major developments in human history first took place in Iraq. Examples from Iraq&#8217;s thousands of\u00a0important archaeological sites include Shanidar Cave, where Neanderthal hominins lived and buried their dead, around 50,000 years ago, and Bestansur and Jarmo, where the first steps were taken by early people to change from hunter-foragers to farmer-villager lifestyles after the end of the Ice Age, around 10,000 years ago. Iraq also hosted the early empires of Ur, Babylon and Assyria.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Bestansur02-2000x1333.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2289\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Bestansur02-2000x1333-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Bestansur02-2000x1333-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Bestansur02-2000x1333-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Bestansur02-2000x1333-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Bestansur02-2000x1333.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Excavation of Neolithic buildings at Bestansur, with red poppies across the mound (\u00a9 Roger Matthews)<\/em><\/p>\n<h4>Under attack<\/h4>\n<p>Due to conflict in the region, many historic sites have been damaged or destroyed, <a href=\"https:\/\/uwb.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/View\/index.html?appid=b62741e51a5a4c6faa5870677f959961\">especially in the area of Mosul, Iraq\u2019s second-largest city<\/a>. Our work with Iraqi authorities aims to safeguard remains that have survived from damaged sites and to catalogue them to protect and preserve them for future generations.<\/p>\n<p>Only <a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/statesparties\/iq\">five of Iraq\u2019s ancient sites are on the UNESCO World Heritage List<\/a> \u2013 and three of \u00a0them are currently rated as being under a substantial and imminent threat. Of the 11 Iraqi sites on the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List at least two globally significant sites (the Assyrian capital cities of Nimrud and Nineveh) have been subjected to serious episodes of destruction by Daesh \u2013 also known as Islamic State &#8211; during their occupation of the Mosul region.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/IR_9_6.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2290\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/IR_9_6-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/IR_9_6-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/IR_9_6-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/IR_9_6-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Nineveh, the Nergal Gate (\u00a9 Rafal Kolinski)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Saving human heritage<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Our work takes place in an international context and considers wider legal issues around destruction and protection of cultural heritage. We oversee work to promote and protect heritage sites that are endangered by conflict and other threats, and I am pleased to say that Bestansur \u2013 one of the site of the earliest farmers in the eastern fertile region of Iraqi Kurdistan, where excavations are co-directed with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reading.ac.uk\/archaeology\/about\/staff\/w-matthews.aspx\">Dr Wendy Matthews<\/a> and Kamal Rasheed Raheem (Sulaimaniyah Directorate of Antiquities) \u2013 is now on the <a href=\"http:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/tentativelists\/6172\/\">UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The UN event I spoke at was a key milestone in highlighting the immense challenges, and opportunities, afforded by the threats and destruction to Iraq\u2019s globally significant heritage. \u00a0We are now planning stakeholder meetings in Iraq to articulate the next steps in promoting and protecting the cultural heritage of Iraq.<\/p>\n<p><em>Roger Matthews is Professor of Near Eastern Archaeology at the University of Reading, and President of <a href=\"https:\/\/rashid-international.org\/\">RASHID (Research, Assessment and Safeguarding the Heritage of Iraq in Danger) International<\/a> &#8211; a multi-national group of academics, professionals and individuals who are working to promote and protect the cultural heritage of Iraq. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Professor Matthews was presenting at a side event at the 37<sup>th<\/sup> Session of the UN Human Rights Council, Geneva, 7<sup>th<\/sup> March 2018, which also included presentations by HE Ambassador Mouayed Saleh, Permanent Representative of Iraq to the UN Office in Geneva, and HE Ambassador George Kasoulides, Permanent Representative of Cyprus.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=DtwmH-KD3_0\">Watch a video about Roger&#8217;s archaeological research in Iraq<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Find out more:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>View the full impact case study on the REF 2021 website: <a href=\"https:\/\/results2021.ref.ac.uk\/impact\/697c9096-e82b-42a8-bf4a-73caafe52ff1?page=1\">Protecting and enhancing heritage and cultural rights in Iraq<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Professor Roger Matthews&#8217; research focuses on the origins of\u00a0the earliest farmers\u00a0in the Eastern Fertile Crescent of Iran and Iraq. This work puts him at the heart of discussions about how&#8230;<a class=\"read-more\" href=\"&#104;&#116;&#116;&#112;&#115;&#58;&#47;&#47;&#114;&#101;&#115;&#101;&#97;&#114;&#99;&#104;&#46;&#114;&#101;&#97;&#100;&#105;&#110;&#103;&#46;&#97;&#99;&#46;&#117;&#107;&#47;&#114;&#101;&#115;&#101;&#97;&#114;&#99;&#104;&#45;&#98;&#108;&#111;&#103;&#47;&#50;&#48;&#49;&#56;&#47;&#48;&#51;&#47;&#50;&#57;&#47;&#112;&#114;&#111;&#116;&#101;&#99;&#116;&#105;&#110;&#103;&#45;&#105;&#114;&#97;&#113;&#115;&#45;&#99;&#117;&#108;&#116;&#117;&#114;&#97;&#108;&#45;&#104;&#101;&#114;&#105;&#116;&#97;&#103;&#101;&#47;\">Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[74,97,115,217,495,496,574,596,908],"class_list":["post-2283","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-heritage-creativity","tag-archaeology","tag-babylon","tag-bestansur","tag-cultural-heritage","tag-iraq","tag-islamic-state","tag-mesopotamia","tag-mosul","tag-united-nations-council-for-human-rights"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Protecting Iraq\u2019s cultural heritage - Connecting Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2018\/03\/29\/protecting-iraqs-cultural-heritage\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Protecting Iraq\u2019s cultural heritage - Connecting Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Professor Roger Matthews&#8217; research focuses on the origins of\u00a0the earliest farmers\u00a0in the Eastern Fertile Crescent of Iran and Iraq. This work puts him at the heart of discussions about how...Read More &gt;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2018\/03\/29\/protecting-iraqs-cultural-heritage\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Connecting Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/theuniversityofreading\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-03-29T10:05:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-08-11T15:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Jerwan-Aqueduct-detail-of-an-inscribed-block2000x1200-1024x615.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Martin Watts\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@UniRdg_Research\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@UniRdg_Research\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Martin Watts\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2018\/03\/29\/protecting-iraqs-cultural-heritage\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2018\/03\/29\/protecting-iraqs-cultural-heritage\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Martin Watts\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/#\/schema\/person\/7db63d5a455bb6b8a1655df56c4e6b0f\"},\"headline\":\"Protecting Iraq\u2019s cultural heritage\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-03-29T10:05:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-08-11T15:30:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2018\/03\/29\/protecting-iraqs-cultural-heritage\/\"},\"wordCount\":785,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"archaeology\",\"Babylon\",\"Bestansur\",\"cultural heritage\",\"iraq\",\"Islamic State\",\"Mesopotamia\",\"Mosul\",\"United Nations Council for Human Rights\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Heritage &amp; 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research focuses on the origins of\u00a0the earliest farmers\u00a0in the Eastern Fertile Crescent of Iran and Iraq. 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