{"id":2299,"date":"2018-04-06T11:00:46","date_gmt":"2018-04-06T10:00:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.reading.ac.uk\/the-forum\/?p=2299"},"modified":"2018-09-19T11:27:08","modified_gmt":"2018-09-19T10:27:08","slug":"civilised-reading","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2018\/04\/06\/civilised-reading\/","title":{"rendered":"Civilised Reading"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>It\u2019s almost 50 years since the BBC\u2019s landmark <em>Civilisation<\/em> television series, which brought ancient worlds into the front rooms of millions. To mark the anniversary, Reading researchers recently spoke to BBC Berkshire about some unique local objects with a link to past civilisations across the globe.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Built to last<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Professor Mike Fulford spoke about the wall which surrounds the ruins of the Roman town of Silchester, near Reading, and some of the building material artefacts found at the archaeological site.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Silchester-Roman-Wall-Nick-Pankhurst-Civilisations-blog-post.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2300 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Silchester-Roman-Wall-Nick-Pankhurst-Civilisations-blog-post.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"501\" height=\"334\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Silchester-Roman-Wall-Nick-Pankhurst-Civilisations-blog-post.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Silchester-Roman-Wall-Nick-Pankhurst-Civilisations-blog-post-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Silchester-Roman-Wall-Nick-Pankhurst-Civilisations-blog-post-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe wall dates from the late 3<sup>rd<\/sup> Century. It\u2019s about\u00a0a mile and a half all the\u00a0way around. It\u2019s a massive construction\u00a0with a 10 foot thick base. In some places it&#8217;s still\u00a0several metres high and you can see\u00a0the materials it&#8217;s constructed from. The flint came from the chalk a few miles away and there are courses of stone slabs which help to bind the whole wall together.<\/p>\n<p>Just think of the amount of work\u00a0that was required to bring this together\u00a0&#8211; the cart loads of flint being dragged\u00a0along the roads, these stones coming from as far as\u00a030 or 40 miles away,\u00a0from Faringdon, up towards the Cotswolds. But it&#8217;s survived these 2000\u00a0years as a reminder of what the\u00a0Romans contributed to this country in terms of the building technology and new ideas.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/04\/Roman-mortar2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2347 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/04\/Roman-mortar2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"356\" height=\"237\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/04\/Roman-mortar2.jpg 458w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/04\/Roman-mortar2-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 356px) 100vw, 356px\" \/><\/a>&#8220;Here is a simple\u00a0piece of mortar,\u00a0a piece of flooring, but what&#8217;s different\u00a0about it is that it\u2019s not just that it\u2019s mortared together but they\u2019ve built into it these little fragments\u00a0of broken crushed brick,\u00a0so gives it a reddish look. That was a very popular sort of material used for\u00a0flooring or\u00a0for surfacing around the baths and giving a waterproof surface.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Earliest image of the \u2018Queen of Heaven\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Professor Lindy Grant, from the Department of History, focused on a discarded chunk of stone from Reading Abbey which depicts the earliest known example of a popular medieval image \u2013 Christ crowning the Virgin Mary as the Queen of Heaven.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Coronation-of-the-Virgin-Mary-Capital-copyright-Reading-Museum.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2301 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Coronation-of-the-Virgin-Mary-Capital-copyright-Reading-Museum.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"519\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Coronation-of-the-Virgin-Mary-Capital-copyright-Reading-Museum.jpg 640w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Coronation-of-the-Virgin-Mary-Capital-copyright-Reading-Museum-300x217.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 519px) 100vw, 519px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;This is a really important work of\u00a0art here in Reading: it&#8217;s very\u00a0battered looking capital\u00a0made out of cast stone which probably comes\u00a0from the cloister of Reading Abbey. What it shows\u00a0is Christ crowning the Virgin Mary as\u00a0Queen of heaven. It was made very early in the\u00a0life of the Abbey \u2013 which was founded by King Henry I in\u00a0the early 1120s. The cloister would have been built around\u00a0that time,\u00a0but this capital was probably unfinished or something went\u00a0wrong with the carvings, so it\u00a0got re-used as just a\u00a0chunk of stone.<\/p>\n<p>You have to look really carefully to see what\u2019s there, but on one face of this capital\u00a0you can see\u00a0a woman sitting on huge medieval throne\u00a0and next to her\u00a0you can see the remains\u00a0of a man, which is Christ. The woman is the Virgin Mary. She&#8217;s turning towards him and he is\u00a0holding a crown above her head\u00a0and they\u2019re both sitting under an arch.<\/p>\n<p>It is very battered but it&#8217;s very beautiful. She\u00a0has a lovely\u00a0rippling dress; it must have been silk\u00a0or something like that and that the\u00a0sculptor was trying to show that. It\u2019s not only a magnificent object but it&#8217;s really important because this image\u00a0of Christ crowing the Virgin became very widespread in Europe from the middle of the 12<sup>th<\/sup> century, and this is the first example that survives anywhere in the world of this very important Christian imagery.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Stone Age Sonning<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Professor Jim Leary talked about ancient flint stone axes found in the River Thames at Sonning and what we can learn from the people who made them.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis is a Tranchet axe, a classic Mesolithic flint axe, also known as a Thames Pick because a huge quantity of them have been dredged from the Thames, possibly as ritual offerings.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/04\/Tranchet-axe-Reading-Museum.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2343\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/04\/Tranchet-axe-Reading-Museum.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"335\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/04\/Tranchet-axe-Reading-Museum.jpg 800w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/04\/Tranchet-axe-Reading-Museum-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/04\/Tranchet-axe-Reading-Museum-768x515.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s quite small, and would have been hafted [attached] into a long wooden haft and used for cutting down trees. Mesolithic people weren\u2019t farmers, they were relatively mobile. But they would chop down trees which encouraged new growth and attracted new animals to the area. For people in this period the temperature is rising, they are just out of an ice age and the sea levels are rising \u2013 so the people making these artefacts were going through some pretty dramatic changes. There were changes to the types of trees, vegetation, animals because Britain was still joined to the continent throughout most of the Mesolithic period.<\/p>\n<p>This illustrates the fundamental importance of archaeology \u2013 it provides us with a collective identity of why we\u2019re here and how we move forward. We can learn, for example, how past societies have dealt with challenges such as climate change and migration and might learn something from it ourselves.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ancient pot from the Thames<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Professor Amy Smith was interviewed by the river in Reading, and described an ancient Greek pot belonging to Reading Museum which was dredged up from the River Thames at Reading in the 19<sup>th<\/sup> Century.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/04\/Kylix-side-view.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2344 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/04\/Kylix-side-view.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/04\/Kylix-side-view.jpg 990w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/04\/Kylix-side-view-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/04\/Kylix-side-view-768x458.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/a><\/em>\u201cAs far\u00a0as I know this is the only Greek pot\u00a0found in Reading. It\u2019s one of at least four ancient\u00a0Greek pots found in the\u00a0river Thames. It could be, that, as it says in the Reading Museum\u00a0records for this item, that some Victorian gentleman who got it on a Grand Tour of Europe probably threw it over the\u00a0bridge and that\u2019s how it ended up in the river \u2013 it was thought of as rubbish, maybe he was pretending to be an ancient Greek and drank wine out of it and threw it overboard.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/04\/Kylix-from-above.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2345 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/04\/Kylix-from-above.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"359\" height=\"232\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/04\/Kylix-from-above.jpg 916w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/04\/Kylix-from-above-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/04\/Kylix-from-above-768x496.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 359px) 100vw, 359px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The pot is of a type called a Kylix, to hold wine.\u00a0It&#8217;s a pretty large by the standards\u00a0of our wine glasses and looks to most people\u00a0more like a bowl with a little stem\u00a0on it and a big foot. It has a concave lip which\u00a0makes a very prominent at the top\u00a0a little deeper than some of the\u00a0ancient Greek Kylices. In the middle it has a picture of a\u00a0man, probably at a symposium, lying\u00a0down drinking at a banquet\u00a0\u2013 a red figure &#8211;\u00a0but otherwise it just looks like a\u00a0black glazed cup. Half of it is\u00a0covered in really heavy sediment, river deposit that\u2019s accumulated on the surface over these thousands of years. It\u2019s from 500 BC, that\u2019s when it was originally made.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Image credits: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.readingmuseum.org.uk\/\">Reading Museum<\/a><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It\u2019s almost 50 years since the BBC\u2019s landmark Civilisation television series, which brought ancient worlds into the front rooms of millions. To mark the anniversary, Reading researchers recently spoke to&#8230;<a class=\"read-more\" href=\"&#104;&#116;&#116;&#112;&#115;&#58;&#47;&#47;&#114;&#101;&#115;&#101;&#97;&#114;&#99;&#104;&#46;&#114;&#101;&#97;&#100;&#105;&#110;&#103;&#46;&#97;&#99;&#46;&#117;&#107;&#47;&#114;&#101;&#115;&#101;&#97;&#114;&#99;&#104;&#45;&#98;&#108;&#111;&#103;&#47;&#50;&#48;&#49;&#56;&#47;&#48;&#52;&#47;&#48;&#54;&#47;&#99;&#105;&#118;&#105;&#108;&#105;&#115;&#101;&#100;&#45;&#114;&#101;&#97;&#100;&#105;&#110;&#103;&#47;\">Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":127,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[62,182,563,573,739,775,817],"class_list":["post-2299","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-heritage-creativity","tag-ancient-greece","tag-civilisations","tag-mediaeval-history","tag-mesolithic-period","tag-reading-abbey","tag-roman-britain","tag-silchester"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Civilised Reading - Connecting Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2018\/04\/06\/civilised-reading\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Civilised Reading - Connecting Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"It\u2019s almost 50 years since the BBC\u2019s landmark Civilisation television series, which brought ancient worlds into the front rooms of millions. To mark the anniversary, Reading researchers recently spoke to...Read More &gt;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2018\/04\/06\/civilised-reading\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Connecting Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/theuniversityofreading\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-04-06T10:00:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-09-19T10:27:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Silchester-Roman-Wall-Nick-Pankhurst-Civilisations-blog-post.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sarah Harrop\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@UniRdg_Research\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@UniRdg_Research\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sarah Harrop\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2018\/04\/06\/civilised-reading\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2018\/04\/06\/civilised-reading\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sarah Harrop\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/#\/schema\/person\/99810845f887cb4c7aa3256ff496fd23\"},\"headline\":\"Civilised Reading\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-04-06T10:00:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-09-19T10:27:08+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2018\/04\/06\/civilised-reading\/\"},\"wordCount\":1078,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"ancient Greece\",\"Civilisations\",\"mediaeval history\",\"Mesolithic period\",\"Reading Abbey\",\"Roman Britain\",\"silchester\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Heritage &amp; 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