{"id":2305,"date":"2018-03-29T15:10:17","date_gmt":"2018-03-29T14:10:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.reading.ac.uk\/the-forum\/?p=2305"},"modified":"2019-03-15T13:57:49","modified_gmt":"2019-03-15T13:57:49","slug":"glastonbury-archaeology-is-revealing-new-truths-about-the-origins-of-british-christianity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2018\/03\/29\/glastonbury-archaeology-is-revealing-new-truths-about-the-origins-of-british-christianity\/","title":{"rendered":"Glastonbury: archaeology is revealing new truths about the origins of British Christianity"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>New archaeological research on Glastonbury Abbey pushes back the date for the earliest settlement of the site by 200 years \u2013 and reopens debate on Glastonbury\u2019s origin myths, says Professor Roberta Gilchrist <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/glastonbury-archaeology-is-revealing-new-truths-about-the-origins-of-british-christianity-93805\">in a new post for\u00a0The Conversation<\/a><em>.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Glasto-image.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2308\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Glasto-image.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Glasto-image.jpg 750w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2018\/03\/Glasto-image-300x178.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Many Christians believe that Glastonbury is the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.reading.ac.uk\/archaeology\/research\/projects\/arch-rg-glastonbury.aspx\">site of the earliest church in Britain<\/a>, allegedly founded in the first or second century by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/thepassion\/articles\/joseph_of_arimathea.shtml\">Joseph of Arimathea<\/a>. According to the Gospels, Joseph was the man who donated his own tomb for the body of Christ following the crucifixion.<\/p>\n<p>By the 14th century, it was popularly believed that Glastonbury Abbey had been founded by the biblical figure of Joseph. The legend emerged that Joseph had travelled to Britain with the Grail, the vessel used to collect Christ\u2019s blood. For 800 years, Glastonbury has been associated with the romance of King Arthur, the Holy Grail and Joseph of Arimathea. Later stories connected Glastonbury directly to the life of Christ.<\/p>\n<p>In the 19th century, a popular West Country folk tale claimed that Christ had visited Britain with his great uncle, Joseph of Arimathea, in pursuit of the tin trade. The myth that Jesus visited Glastonbury remains significant for many English Christians today and is immortalised in the country\u2019s unofficial anthem, Sir Hubert Parry\u2019s hymn, Jerusalem, based on <a href=\"https:\/\/interestingliterature.com\/2017\/04\/26\/a-short-analysis-of-william-blakes-jerusalem\/\">William Blake\u2019s 1804 poem<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>And did those feet in ancient time<br \/>\nWalk upon England\u2019s mountains green:<br \/>\nAnd was the holy Lamb of God,<br \/>\nOn England\u2019s pleasant pastures seen!<\/p>\n<p>Historical accounts describe an \u201cancient\u201d church on the site in the tenth century. It was still standing in the 12th century, described by the historian <a href=\"https:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/people\/history\/historians-british-biographies\/william-malmesbury\">William of Malmesbury<\/a> as \u201cthe oldest of all those that I know of in England\u201d. But this revered and ancient church was destroyed by a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-england-somerset-34908894\">devastating fire in 1184<\/a>, along with much of Glastonbury Abbey.<\/p>\n<p>The old church was the first structure to be rebuilt \u2013 a new chapel was erected on the site of the old church that had been destroyed by fire. The Lady Chapel that was consecrated in 1186 commemorates the old church and still stands today at Glastonbury Abbey. Any archaeological evidence for an early church would have been destroyed by the later construction of the crypt beneath the Lady Chapel.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Archaeological evidence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>So how can archaeology shed light on the question of Glastonbury\u2019s origins? Research <a href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/glastonburyabbeyarchaeology\/\">led by the University of Reading<\/a> has reassessed the full archive of excavations that took place at Glastonbury Abbey throughout the 20th century.<\/p>\n<p>The excavation records confirm that the site of Glastonbury Abbey was occupied before the foundation of the Anglo-Saxon monastery around AD 700. Near the site of the medieval Lady Chapel, there were traces of a timber hall within the bounds of the early monastic cemetery. A roughly trodden floor contained fragments of late Roman amphorae imported from the eastern Mediterranean, dating back to about 450\u2013550AD.<\/p>\n<p>This new archaeological evidence does not prove the presence of an early church \u2013 or support a connection with Joseph of Arimathea. But it does confirm that the Anglo-Saxon monastery was preceded by a high status settlement dating back to the fifth or sixth century \u2013 one with elite trading connections to the eastern Mediterranean. It may also suggest that the Saxon monastery carefully \u201ccurated\u201d the timber building \u2013 in other words, preserved it for future generations, perhaps because it held special religious or ancestral significance for the monks.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Spiritual meanings<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Today, Glastonbury appeals to a wide range of spiritual seekers, many of whom are drawn by the abbey\u2019s associations with Celtic Christianity. Joseph of Arimathea is important in making the connection to Glastonbury\u2019s Celtic origins \u2013 the belief that Joseph founded a church of British Christianity that predated the Roman mission to England (from 597AD).<\/p>\n<p>These archaeological findings are relevant to Glastonbury\u2019s spiritual seekers because they push the origins of the site back to a period before the Anglo-Saxon abbey \u2013 into the time of the legendary King Arthur. In a personal letter to the director of Glastonbury Abbey, Geoffrey Ashe \u2013 the Arthurian expert and doyen of Glastonbury\u2019s alternative community \u2013 commented on the significance of these archaeological findings.<\/p>\n<p>To me, the most gratifying thing is the proof \u2013 at last \u2013 that the original community was British and existed before the Saxons\u2019 arrival, as I always maintained. The foundation has now been moved back 200 years to the period where it belongs. Brilliant!<\/p>\n<p>The archaeological research provides extensive new insight into Glastonbury Abbey in Anglo-Saxon and medieval times \u2013 including digital reconstructions of the Anglo-Saxon churches and the interior of the medieval Lady Chapel. For the first time, Glastonbury\u2019s legendary traditions can be assessed alongside its archaeological evidence.<\/p>\n<p>Archaeology will not prove or disprove Glastonbury\u2019s legendary associations with King Arthur or Joseph of Arimathea. But archaeology helps to explain what these myths meant to medieval people, how the story of Glastonbury has changed over time, and why it remains important to spiritual beliefs today.<\/p>\n<p><em>This post was originally published on The Conversation, 23 March 2018.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Visit\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.glastonburyabbeyarchaeology.org\">www.glastonburyabbeyarchaeology.org<\/a>\u00a0to find out more about the abbey&#8217;s fascinating archaeology and spiritual history.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>#GlastonburyAbbeyuncovered<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Roberta Gilchrist is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reading.ac.uk\/archaeology\/about\/staff\/r-l-gilchrist.aspx\">Professor of Archaeology at the University of Reading<\/a>. Her research\u00a0addresses medieval social archaeology, with particular focus on gender and belief.\u00a0\u00a0She has published widely on the archaeology of medieval burial and religious communities and\u00a0is interested in the relationship between Christianity and medieval magic. Roberta was voted &#8216;Archaeologist of the Year 2016&#8217; in the Current Archaeology Awards.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>New archaeological research on Glastonbury Abbey pushes back the date for the earliest settlement of the site by 200 years \u2013 and reopens debate on Glastonbury\u2019s origin myths, says Professor&#8230;<a class=\"read-more\" href=\"&#104;&#116;&#116;&#112;&#115;&#58;&#47;&#47;&#114;&#101;&#115;&#101;&#97;&#114;&#99;&#104;&#46;&#114;&#101;&#97;&#100;&#105;&#110;&#103;&#46;&#97;&#99;&#46;&#117;&#107;&#47;&#114;&#101;&#115;&#101;&#97;&#114;&#99;&#104;&#45;&#98;&#108;&#111;&#103;&#47;&#50;&#48;&#49;&#56;&#47;&#48;&#51;&#47;&#50;&#57;&#47;&#103;&#108;&#97;&#115;&#116;&#111;&#110;&#98;&#117;&#114;&#121;&#45;&#97;&#114;&#99;&#104;&#97;&#101;&#111;&#108;&#111;&#103;&#121;&#45;&#105;&#115;&#45;&#114;&#101;&#118;&#101;&#97;&#108;&#105;&#110;&#103;&#45;&#110;&#101;&#119;&#45;&#116;&#114;&#117;&#116;&#104;&#115;&#45;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#117;&#116;&#45;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#45;&#111;&#114;&#105;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#115;&#45;&#111;&#102;&#45;&#98;&#114;&#105;&#116;&#105;&#115;&#104;&#45;&#99;&#104;&#114;&#105;&#115;&#116;&#105;&#97;&#110;&#105;&#116;&#121;&#47;\">Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":127,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[279,280,402,870],"class_list":["post-2305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-heritage-creativity","tag-early-christianity","tag-early-chrstiani","tag-glastonbury-abbey","tag-the-conversation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - 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