{"id":24493,"date":"2022-08-30T10:32:06","date_gmt":"2022-08-30T09:32:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/?p=24493"},"modified":"2023-02-07T12:40:58","modified_gmt":"2023-02-07T12:40:58","slug":"alzheimers-theory-undermined-by-accusations-of-manipulated-data-but-does-not-bring-dementia-research-to-its-knees","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2022\/08\/30\/alzheimers-theory-undermined-by-accusations-of-manipulated-data-but-does-not-bring-dementia-research-to-its-knees\/","title":{"rendered":"Alzheimer\u2019s theory undermined by accusations of manipulated data \u2013 but does not bring dementia research to its knees"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A scientist-cum-detective has presented evidence that images used to support the case for amyloid protein being the main protagonist in Alzheimer\u2019s disease\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/article\/potential-fabrication-research-images-threatens-key-theory-alzheimers-disease\">appear to have been fabricated<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-24498 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2022\/08\/dementia-g2886cc099_640.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2022\/08\/dementia-g2886cc099_640.jpg 640w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2022\/08\/dementia-g2886cc099_640-300x111.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>It began as an investigation into an experimental Alzheimer\u2019s drug,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.alzforum.org\/therapeutics\/simufilam\">Simufilam<\/a>, but quickly snowballed into something much bigger. The investigation identified more than 20 suspect papers from the same researcher, ten of which related to this specific protein.<\/p>\n<p>The initial\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature04533\">research paper<\/a>\u00a0that came under scrutiny was published in 2006 in the journal Nature. Since publication, it has been cited over 2,000 times by other scientists to support their own work.<\/p>\n<p>The journal is currently investigating these concerns and has advised caution in interpreting the data. In addition to this 2006 paper, other research papers published by the same author have come under scrutiny from fellow scientists on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubpeer.com\/\">PubPeer<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 a website that lets scientists discuss and review scientific research after publication.<\/p>\n<p>These revelations call into question scientific integrity and the role of amyloid in the pathology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. But how bad are these revelations?<\/p>\n<p>Beta-amyloid was identified in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/6375662\/\">1984<\/a>\u00a0and is now recognised as a major constituent of the brain plaques that were first described by Alois Alzheimer, a German pathologist, early in the 20th century.<\/p>\n<p>This beta-amyloid protein likes to aggregate into sticky clumps, and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-66129-z\">research<\/a>\u00a0has shown the construction of these aggregates in impressive detail in the lab. The identification of this protein led a wave of research to uncover the role amyloid plays in the brains of people with and without Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/p>\n<p>In 1992, this research led to the proposal of an\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1566067?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&amp;rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&amp;rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed\">amyloid cascade hypothesis<\/a>\u00a0to explain the mechanisms of how the disease takes hold. First comes the accumulation of beta-amyloid, and then what follows (for example, nerve-cell death) is a result of this deposition.<\/p>\n<p>This hypothesis led to the development of an array of anti-amyloid therapies that have progressed to clinical trials but so far have disappointed the Alzheimer\u2019s community.<\/p>\n<p>Despite the recent revelations, it\u2019s clear that beta-amyloid does contribute to the disease \u2013 this is supported by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/health\/alzheimers-disease-genetics-fact-sheet\">genetic evidence<\/a>. What is less clear is what other factors come together in someone\u2019s brain that lead to a diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/p>\n<h2>A specific type of beta-amyloid<\/h2>\n<p>The 2006\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16541076\/\">study<\/a>\u00a0in question was examining mouse brains and reported that a specific type of the beta-amyloid protein, namely A\u03b2 star 56 (A\u03b2*56), underpinned the cognitive deficits seen in the mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. This put the A\u03b2*56 form of the protein in the sights of scientists searching for new Alzheimer\u2019s drugs.<\/p>\n<p>They believed that preventing the accumulation of A\u03b2*56 could potentially slow cognitive decline in people with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. However, the new\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/article\/potential-fabrication-research-images-threatens-key-theory-alzheimers-disease\">report<\/a>\u00a0published in Science indicates that there may have been image tampering in the original paper, and the images presented were not what they were reported to be.<\/p>\n<p>The detective work uncovered what appears to be altered or duplicated images to better fit the hypothesis rather than being a true reflection of the experiments outlined in the research paper. Subsequent\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18568035\/\">research<\/a>\u00a0on beta-amyloid peptide in human samples has failed to detect A\u03b2*56 form.<\/p>\n<p>These revelations may discredit the work of an individual but do not bring the Alzheimer\u2019s field to its knees.<\/p>\n<p>It is true to say that research funds have been misdirected, but the story of beta-amyloid would have developed with or without the data in question. Still, to this day, scientists are trying to detect relevant levels of beta-amyloid subtypes in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34550630\/\">blood<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Image manipulation is not rare<\/h3>\n<p>While it is disheartening as a scientist to hear about this alleged image tampering, such behaviour is not new. In 2016,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature.2016.19802\">a report<\/a>\u00a0suggested that one in 25 research papers has some level of image manipulation. Scientists need to do more to identify where this has occurred and call it out.<\/p>\n<p>New tools are available to help sleuths uncover deception and journals are working hard to counter image deception, but there are always people who will circumvent these to present data that fits a specific hypothesis.<\/p>\n<p>They do this solely to progress their career with no consideration of the harm they are doing, not only to the science community but to people desperately seeking answers about Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/p>\n<p>While scientists still look to unravel beta-amyloid\u2019s contribution to Alzheimer\u2019s disease, several more avenues are being explored. As of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/trc2.12295\">January 2022<\/a>, only 29% of phase 3 clinical trials (the final stage of testing in humans) are aimed at reducing levels of beta-amyloid, so more avenues are being explored that mitigate against some of the negative coverage relating to the study under investigation.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reading.ac.uk\/pharmacy\/staff\/dr-mark-dallas\">Mark Dallas<\/a> is Associate Professor in Cellular Neuroscience at the University of Reading.<\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/alzheimers-theory-undermined-by-accusations-of-manipulated-data-but-does-not-bring-dementia-research-to-its-knees-187713\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation<\/a>\u00a0under a Creative Commons license.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A scientist-cum-detective has presented evidence that images used to support the case for amyloid protein being the main protagonist in Alzheimer\u2019s disease\u00a0appear to have been fabricated.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":693,"featured_media":24498,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1785],"tags":[59,2112,234],"class_list":["post-24493","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agriculture-food-and-health","tag-alzheimers-disease","tag-beta-amyloid","tag-dementia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - 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