{"id":27941,"date":"2023-08-07T09:00:04","date_gmt":"2023-08-07T08:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/?p=27941"},"modified":"2024-01-23T10:46:33","modified_gmt":"2024-01-23T10:46:33","slug":"young-onset-alzheimers-can-be-diagnosed-from-as-early-as-30-and-the-symptoms-are-often-different","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2023\/08\/07\/young-onset-alzheimers-can-be-diagnosed-from-as-early-as-30-and-the-symptoms-are-often-different\/","title":{"rendered":"Young-onset Alzheimer\u2019s can be diagnosed from as early as 30 \u2013 and the symptoms are often different"},"content":{"rendered":"

Alzheimer\u2019s disease is often thought of as a condition that only affects the elderly. But around\u00a03.9 million people<\/a>\u00a0worldwide aged 30-64 live with young-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease \u2013 a form of dementia in which symptoms appear before the age of 65.<\/p>\n

\"A<\/p>\n

English journalist and broadcaster Fiona Phillips, 62, recently revealed that\u00a0she\u2019d been diagnosed with it<\/a>. In the interview, Phillips shared that the main symptoms she had experienced before her diagnosis were brain fog and anxiety \u2013 highlighting just how different young-onset can be from late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/p>\n

First, symptoms begin much earlier \u2013 as young as 30 in some rare cases, though it\u2019s typically diagnosed between the ages of 50-64.<\/p>\n

And, while people with Alzheimer\u2019s disease commonly experience memory loss as the first sign of the disease, people with young-onset Alzheimer\u2019s\u00a0tend to have<\/a>\u00a0other symptoms \u2013 such as worse attention, less ability to mimic hand gestures and worse spatial awareness.<\/p>\n

Some people with young-onset Alzheimer\u2019s may also experience an\u00a0increase in anxiety<\/a>\u00a0prior to their diagnosis. This may be due to an awareness of the changes occurring, without a clear reason as to why they\u2019re feeling different.<\/p>\n

They may think these changes in behaviour are temporary, which can put people off seeking medical help. Healthcare professionals may also misinterpret anxiety as a sign of other health conditions.<\/p>\n

But while they may have less cognitive impairment at the time of diagnosis, studies have indicated that those living with young-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease show more\u00a0rapid changes in their brain<\/a>. This indicates that the condition can be more aggressive than late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease. This may also explain why people with early-onset Alzheimer\u2019s tend to have a life expectancy\u00a0around two years shorter<\/a>\u00a0than those with late-onset.<\/p>\n

Research shows that people with young-onset Alzheimer\u2019s are also more aware of the changes in their brain activity. This can\u00a0lead to behavioural changes<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 with conditions such as depression being prevalent in this group.<\/p>\n

Within the brain itself, young-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease causes\u00a0similar chemical changes<\/a>\u00a0as those in late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s. But the\u00a0brain areas<\/a>\u00a0targeted by these chemical changes can be different.<\/p>\n

Research has found that brain areas involved in processing sensory- and movement-related information (called the\u00a0parietal cortex<\/a>) show\u00a0greater signs of damage<\/a>. There is also less damage to the\u00a0hippocampus<\/a>\u00a0compared to late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s \u2013 an area of the brain important in learning and memory.<\/p>\n

Why it happens<\/h2>\n

The\u00a0risk factors<\/a>\u00a0for young-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease are similar to those for late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s.<\/p>\n

For example, poor levels of cardiovascular fitness and lower cognitive ability in early adulthood have been linked to an\u00a0eight-fold increased risk<\/a>\u00a0of developing young-onset Alzheimer\u2019s. However, we are yet to fully understand all the factors that influence a person\u2019s chances of developing the condition.<\/p>\n

One aspect experts are clear on is that genetics play a role in about one in ten cases of young-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease. So far, three genes (APP<\/a>,\u00a0PSEN1<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0PSEN2<\/a>) have been linked to young onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/p>\n

These genes are all related to a toxic protein that is thought to contribute to Alzheimer\u2019s disease (known as amyloid beta). When these genes become faulty, there\u2019s an accumulation of toxic amyloid beta, which is linked to symptoms of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/p>\n

Growing evidence<\/a>\u00a0suggests there may also be a link between traumatic brain injury and young-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/p>\n

What can people do?<\/h2>\n

In the UK<\/a>, people diagnosed with young-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease can be prescribed medication which can help manage symptoms.<\/p>\n

But in the\u00a0US<\/a>, two therapies have been approved which may slow the progression of symptoms. However, these were only tested on people with late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease, so it\u2019s uncertain if they will have as distinct of an effect.<\/p>\n

People who may have a family history of dementia or are concerned about their risk can have a genetic test done through a private company. This will confirm the presence of the faulty genes. These tests can be carried out for those showing symptoms, or those with a family history that wish to know their future prognosis.<\/p>\n

While it\u2019s not possible to modify genetics if you are at greater risk, some research does support the idea that you can strengthen your resilience against the disease through a healthier lifestyle.\u00a0One study found<\/a>\u00a0that when people who were genetically predisposed to early onset Alzheimer\u2019s exercised for more than two-and-a-half hours per week, they scored better in memory tests than those who weren\u2019t as physically active.<\/p>\n

Alongside being more active, diet choices may also lower risk of young-onset Alzheimer\u2019s. An\u00a0Italian study<\/a>\u00a0found that people who consumed high levels of vegetables, dry fruits and chocolate appeared to have lower risk.<\/p>\n

Mark Dallas<\/a> is <\/span>Associate Professor in Cellular Neuroscience at the University of Reading<\/p>\n

This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons Licence.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alzheimer\u2019s disease is often thought of as a condition that only affects the elderly. But around\u00a03.9 million people\u00a0worldwide aged 30-64 live with young-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease \u2013 a form of dementia…Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":693,"featured_media":27946,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1785],"tags":[58,59,234,2277,1165,1325,2443],"class_list":["post-27941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agriculture-food-and-health","tag-alzheimers","tag-alzheimers-disease","tag-dementia","tag-feature","tag-genetics","tag-symptoms","tag-young-onset-alzheimers"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nYoung-onset Alzheimer\u2019s can be diagnosed from as early as 30 \u2013 and the symptoms are often different - Connecting Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Alzheimer\u2019s disease is often thought of as a condition that only affects the elderly. 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