{"id":28021,"date":"2023-08-16T09:30:30","date_gmt":"2023-08-16T08:30:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/?p=28021"},"modified":"2023-08-09T09:53:01","modified_gmt":"2023-08-09T08:53:01","slug":"science-shows-consequences-fossil-fuel-extraction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2023\/08\/16\/science-shows-consequences-fossil-fuel-extraction\/","title":{"rendered":"Science shows the severe climate consequences of new fossil fuel extraction"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The world has just suffered through its\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2023\/jul\/27\/scientists-july-world-hottest-month-record-climate-temperatures\">warmest month ever recorded<\/a>. Heatwaves have swept across\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/public.wmo.int\/en\/media\/news\/heatwaves-wildfires-mark-summer-of-extremes\">southern Europe, the US and China<\/a>, breaking many temperature records in the process.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_28029\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28029\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-28029 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2023\/08\/oil-industry-3289176_1920-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"An offshore drilling platform.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2023\/08\/oil-industry-3289176_1920-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2023\/08\/oil-industry-3289176_1920-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2023\/08\/oil-industry-3289176_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2023\/08\/oil-industry-3289176_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2023\/08\/oil-industry-3289176_1920.jpg 1813w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-28029\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An offshore drilling platform.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Climate scientists have been sounding the alarm\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar3\/wg1\/\">for decades<\/a>\u00a0that this type of event will become more frequent as the world continues to warm. The major culprit behind this is the burning of fossil fuels. So it\u2019s extremely concerning that the UK government\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/hundreds-of-new-north-sea-oil-and-gas-licences-to-boost-british-energy-independence-and-grow-the-economy-31-july-2023\">has announced<\/a>\u00a0its intention to grant hundreds of licences for new North Sea oil and gas extraction.<\/p>\n<p>Although burning fossil fuels to generate power and heat has enabled society to develop and flourish, we are now experiencing the unintended side effects. The carbon dioxide that has been added to the atmosphere is\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg1\/chapter\/summary-for-policymakers\/\">leading to a rise<\/a>\u00a0in global temperatures, causing heatwaves to become hotter and downpours more intense. The resulting large-scale disruption and suffering is becoming ever more visible.<\/p>\n<p>This warming will continue, with worsening climatic consequences, until we reduce global carbon dioxide emissions to \u201cnet zero\u201d. After that, we will still have to live and suffer in a warmer climate for generations. The collective choices we make now will matter in the future.<\/p>\n<p>The small-scale, but high-profile,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2023\/apr\/05\/just-stop-oil-activists-convicted-obstructing-highway-london\">disruptions caused by Just Stop Oil protesters<\/a>\u00a0in the UK are extremely frustrating for many. But their single demand \u2013 for no licenses for new UK coal, oil and gas projects \u2013 is consistent with the science underpinning the international agreements that the UK has signed.<\/p>\n<h2>Temperatures are rising<\/h2>\n<p>Since the 1860s, the scientific community\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rigb.org\/explore-science\/explore\/blog\/who-discovered-greenhouse-effect\">has understood<\/a>\u00a0that adding more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere would warm the climate. And as long ago as 1938, the burning of fossil fuels was\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/blog\/2013\/apr\/22\/guy-callendar-climate-fossil-fuels\">linked<\/a>\u00a0to the observed rise in both carbon dioxide levels and global temperatures. Fast forward to now and global temperatures are warmer, and increasing faster, than at any point in human civilisation.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Global temperature variations over the last 2022 years.<\/p>\n<p>Burning fossil fuels is warming the planet, making extreme heatwaves &amp; heavy rainfall more intense &amp; more frequent with severe consequences for people &amp; ecosystems.<\/p>\n<p>To stop the warming we need to stop burning fossil fuels. <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/kcF4R3ymFa\">pic.twitter.com\/kcF4R3ymFa<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Ed Hawkins (@ed_hawkins) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ed_hawkins\/status\/1686479519438254080?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">August 1, 2023<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>In response to the overwhelming scientific evidence, the UK and 193 other nations came together in 2015 to ratify the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/climatechange\/paris-agreement\">Paris agreement on climate change<\/a>. One of the agreed goals is to limit global warming to well below 2\u2103, and even aim for 1.5\u2103, compared to the pre-industrial era.<\/p>\n<p>However, the latest\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/syr\/downloads\/report\/IPCC_AR6_SYR_SPM.pdf\">synthesis report<\/a>\u00a0from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which all governments explicitly endorsed, paints a stark reality. If we burn all of the fossil fuels that we currently have access to, then global warming will exceed 1.5\u2103 and may reach 2\u2103.<\/p>\n<p>To avoid breaching the limits set out by the Paris agreement, some of the coal, oil and gas that we can already extract must remain unburnt. New fossil fuel extraction projects will make it even harder to stop further global warming.<\/p>\n<h2>Build up renewable infrastructure<\/h2>\n<p>There are other options. The UK government\u2019s official advisers, the Climate Change Committee, have put forward a vision for UK power generation consistent with a net zero future. They\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theccc.org.uk\/publication\/delivering-a-reliable-decarbonised-power-system\/\">say that<\/a>\u00a0the UK could provide all of its energy needs by 2050 through a combination of renewables, bioenergy, nuclear, hydrogen, storage and demand management, with some carbon capture and storage for fossil gas-based generation in the meantime.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_28030\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28030\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-28030 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2023\/08\/alex-eckermann-ofdFj1bUKQw-unsplash-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Wind turbines in a field\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2023\/08\/alex-eckermann-ofdFj1bUKQw-unsplash-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2023\/08\/alex-eckermann-ofdFj1bUKQw-unsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2023\/08\/alex-eckermann-ofdFj1bUKQw-unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2023\/08\/alex-eckermann-ofdFj1bUKQw-unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2023\/08\/alex-eckermann-ofdFj1bUKQw-unsplash-272x182.jpg 272w, https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2023\/08\/alex-eckermann-ofdFj1bUKQw-unsplash.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-28030\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The UK can achieve energy security without causing additional global warming.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>If the UK followed the example of China and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/china-widens-renewable-energy-supply-lead-with-wind-power-push-2023-03-01\/\">rapidly increased<\/a>\u00a0its investments in renewable energy, then it could achieve energy security without causing additional global warming. China emits the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/co2-emissions\">most carbon dioxide<\/a>\u00a0of any country in the world. But it is installing more\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/davidrvetter\/2022\/01\/26\/china-built-more-offshore-wind-in-2021-than-every-other-country-built-in-5-years\/\">renewable energy generation<\/a>\u00a0than the rest of the world combined.<\/p>\n<p>Rapidly reducing our reliance on fossil fuels, and not issuing new licenses to extract oil and gas, is the most effective way of minimising future climate-related disruptions. The sooner those with the power to shape our future recognise this, the better.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.met.reading.ac.uk\/~ed\/home\/index.php\">Ed Hawkins<\/a><\/strong> is a Professor of Climate Science at the University of Reading.<\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/science-shows-the-severe-climate-consequences-of-new-fossil-fuel-extraction-210846\">The Conversation<\/a>\u00a0under a Creative Commons Licence.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Although burning fossil fuels has enabled society to develop and flourish, we are now experiencing the unintended side effects.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":276,"featured_media":28029,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[187,315,323,1707,432,1367,941],"class_list":["post-28021","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","tag-climate","tag-energy","tag-environment-2","tag-fossil-fuels","tag-heatwave","tag-renewable-energy","tag-weather"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Science shows the severe climate consequences of new fossil fuel extraction - Connecting Research<\/title>\n<meta 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