{"id":29732,"date":"2024-07-26T08:00:58","date_gmt":"2024-07-26T07:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/?p=29732"},"modified":"2024-07-31T11:16:29","modified_gmt":"2024-07-31T10:16:29","slug":"what-a-house-of-commons-with-fewer-privately-educated-mps-could-mean-for-the-uk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2024\/07\/26\/what-a-house-of-commons-with-fewer-privately-educated-mps-could-mean-for-the-uk\/","title":{"rendered":"What a House of Commons with fewer privately educated MPs could mean for the UK"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Elected leaders and representatives across democracies tend to\u00a0be old<\/a>,\u00a0wealthy<\/a>,\u00a0male<\/a>\u00a0and belong to the\u00a0ethnic majority<\/a>\u00a0of their respective countries. This\u00a0lack of diversity<\/a>\u00a0is a problem: it suggests that those who govern are out of step with the broader society that they seek to represent.<\/p>\n

But following the UK general election, parliament is becoming more like the electorate. A record-breaking\u00a0335 new MPs<\/a>\u00a0have entered the House of Commons. This dramatic change of personnel has ushered in a parliament that looks very different.[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”29734″ img_size=”large”][vc_column_text]Image: Wiki Common<\/a>s. Creative Commons<\/a>\u00a0Attribution 2.0 Generic<\/a>\u00a0license.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]There are more women and more people from minority ethnic backgrounds in the Commons than\u00a0ever before<\/a>. Now, 14% of MPs have an ethnic minority background, compared to 18% in the general population. The proportion of women in the Commons now stands at 40%.<\/p>\n

The educational backgrounds of these MPs are different, too.\u00a0A report<\/a>\u00a0by the Sutton Trust, an educational charity, found that 23% of MPs in the new parliament were privately educated \u2013 the lowest proportion on record \u2013 while 63% attended a state comprehensive. This is an improvement from the makeup of the Commons after the last general election in 2019, when\u00a0only 54%<\/a>\u00a0went to a comprehensive school.<\/p>\n

In the UK, currently, 88% of pupils\u00a0attend a comprehensive<\/a>, and just 7% attend a private fee-paying school.<\/p>\n

The best-represented school in Keir Starmer\u2019s cabinet is a\u00a0comprehensive in Manchester<\/a>: Parrs Wood High School, attended by culture secretary Lisa Nandy and leader of the House of Commons Lucy Powell.<\/p>\n

Only one member of the new cabinet was privately educated. In contrast, two-thirds of the cabinet ministers in Rishi Sunak\u2019s government went\u00a0to private schools<\/a>.[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”29733″ img_size=”full”][vc_column_text]The Sutton Trust<\/a> via X on July 6 2024.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Increased diversity in educational background is an important indicator of the socioeconomic status of the UK\u2019s new MPs. This shift suggests that as well as\u00a0becoming more representative<\/a>\u00a0in terms of gender and ethnic background, the House of Commons is inching closer to accurately mirroring those they govern in terms of class as well.<\/p>\n

Making choices<\/h2>\n

These changes to the makeup of parliament could profoundly affect politics and policymaking in the UK.\u00a0Research has found<\/a>\u00a0that MPs from working-class backgrounds are more likely to act in the interest of the working class.<\/p>\n

During the Labour government led by Tony Blair, MPs who had previously had working-class occupations were\u00a0more likely<\/a>\u00a0to express concern over welfare reforms that reduced the generosity of payments and introduced conditions for means testing benefits.<\/p>\n

They were also more likely to rebel against their party when voting on these measures. These are clear signs that the socioeconomic backgrounds of MPs play an integral part in their policy preference and behaviour once in office.<\/p>\n

However,\u00a0research published in 2023 showed<\/a>\u00a0that, among OECD countries, only around 5% of legislators in national parliaments had primarily worked in working-class occupations. Among the people they govern, people in working-class occupations make up around 60% of the workforce. There is a huge gap in representation for those with lower socioeconomic status.<\/p>\n

The research found huge variations between countries. Parliaments in Nordic countries, such as Denmark and Sweden, led the way in representing the working class. In both countries, around 18% of legislators had this background. Britain was in the middle of the pack, with 5% of MPs from working-class professions.<\/p>\n

It is also remarkable that declining representation of working-class professions is a rather recent phenomenon in the UK. It is mostly driven by a decline in the\u00a0proportion of Labour MPs<\/a>\u00a0with working-class occupational backgrounds. This dropped from just under 30% in the late 80s to a mere 8% in the 2010-15 parliament.<\/p>\n

Gaps remain<\/h2>\n

While the results of the election may have shifted this a little, there is still a significant gap between the Commons and the electorate. For instance, 90% of current MPs\u00a0attended university<\/a>, compared to under 20% of the UK\u2019s working-age population. And while valuable efforts have been made to encourage women and people from ethnic minority backgrounds into politics, class has been\u00a0largely overlooked<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The absence of the voices of those with lower socioeconomic status in democratic institutions can lead to a general sense that the people in power do not represent or respond to the needs of the majority of those they govern. This may in turn fuel the\u00a0rise of populist parties<\/a>, both on the right and left of politics, across developed democracies.<\/p>\n

The increased educational diversity among MPs is a welcome sign that parliament has become more representative of the UK and should be seen as an important step in enhancing the voices of those from less privileged backgrounds in Westminster. It could lead to more responsive policymaking as well as enhance the legitimacy of the Commons as a democratic institution. However, there is still a lot more room for improvement.<\/p>\n

Dr Wang Leung (Kiwi) Ting is <\/span>Lecturer in Comparative Politics, University of Reading.<\/p>\n

This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons licence.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Elected leaders and representatives across democracies tend to\u00a0be old,\u00a0wealthy,\u00a0male\u00a0and belong to the\u00a0ethnic majority\u00a0of their respective countries. This\u00a0lack of diversity\u00a0is a problem: it suggests that those who govern are out of…Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":276,"featured_media":29734,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[2676,2679,295,2277,2677,2678,823,2680,2675],"class_list":["post-29732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-prosperity-resilience","tag-comprehensive-schools","tag-educate-me","tag-education","tag-feature","tag-keir-starmer","tag-mps","tag-social-mobility","tag-uk-election-2024","tag-uk-schools"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhat a House of Commons with fewer privately educated MPs could mean for the UK - Connecting Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2024\/07\/26\/what-a-house-of-commons-with-fewer-privately-educated-mps-could-mean-for-the-uk\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What a House of Commons with fewer privately educated MPs could mean for the UK - Connecting Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Elected leaders and representatives across democracies tend to\u00a0be old,\u00a0wealthy,\u00a0male\u00a0and belong to the\u00a0ethnic majority\u00a0of their respective countries. 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