{"id":3023,"date":"2018-06-28T12:05:43","date_gmt":"2018-06-28T11:05:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.reading.ac.uk\/the-forum\/?p=3023"},"modified":"2018-06-28T12:05:43","modified_gmt":"2018-06-28T11:05:43","slug":"sick-of-sickness-recovering-a-happier-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2018\/06\/28\/sick-of-sickness-recovering-a-happier-history\/","title":{"rendered":"Sick of Sickness! Recovering a Happier History"},"content":{"rendered":"

The NHS turns 70 this year, giving us the chance to appreciate the fact it is there to turn to whenever we get ill. But what did people do before the NHS and the luxury of modern medicine? University of Reading historian Dr Hannah Newton reveals her findings from studying diaries and letters written by Early Modern families who faced serious diseases armed with little more than their faith.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cancer survival<\/a> has doubled over the last 40 years, and death rates from stroke<\/a> have halved since 1990. These positive trends are reflected in the upsurge of survivor stories in social media, where individuals broadcast their experiences of illness and recovery, and describe how the close shave with death has changed their outlook on life. \u2018I don\u2019t let little things get on top of me as much anymore\u2019, reflects Keith Hubbard<\/a>, a musician from Merseyside, 14 years after treatment for prostate cancer.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Misery to Mirth, by Dr Hannah Newton, was published in June 2018<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

We might assume that this is a recent phenomenon. In more distant times, when epidemics were rife and medicines ineffective, it would seem likely that death was the only possible disease outcome. However, a foray into the diaries and letters of seventeenth-century patients and their families reveals a happier history. My new book, Misery to Mirth<\/em><\/a>, <\/em>shows that getting better was a widely reported occurrence at this time, and one which gave rise to emotionally-charged outpourings comparable to those produced today.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Closest to my heart is the story of 11-year-old Martha Hatfield<\/a> from Yorkshire, which I encountered while researching for a previous book, The Sick Child<\/em><\/a>. <\/em>Martha was diagnosed in 1652 with \u2018Spleen-wind\u2019, a disease characterised by vomiting and convulsions. For nine months, her family was \u2018continually under sadnesse\u2019; they longed for God to \u2018ease\u2026her pain, [so] that [their] eares\u2026might not be filled with such dolefull cries, nor their hearts with those fears\u2019.<\/p>\n

One December evening, Martha suddenly felt strength returning to her body. She \u2018rejoyced\u2026with laughing\u2019 and \u2018clasping her armes about her [mother\u2019s] neck\u2019 in an embrace. The next morning, Martha \u2018took some food without spilling\u2019, and told her parents she\u2019d had \u2018a very good night\u2019. Later that day, her older sister Hannah, who had been \u2018very tender of her\u2019 during her illness, \u2018took her up, and set her upon her feet, and she stood by herself without holding, which she had not done for three quarters of a year\u2019.<\/p>\n

Over the following weeks, Martha \u2018encreased in strength\u2019 beyond \u2018all expectation\u2019, and finally announced, \u2018me is pretty well, I praise God\u2026I am neither sick, nor have any pain\u2019. A thanksgiving day was arranged to celebrate Martha\u2019s recovery. One of the guests recalled that the sight of Martha coming \u2018into the Hall to\u2026welcome us\u2026was wonderfull in our eyes, so that our hearts did rejoyce with a kind of trembling\u2019.<\/p>\n

Martha\u2019s story was published by her uncle, the Sheffield minister James Fisher, to encourage others to trust in God\u2019s capacity to heal the sick. It depicts recovery as a \u2018happie motion\u2019 from anguish to elation, a trajectory marked and measured by a number of key milestones, such as sleeping through the night, eating solid foods, and standing unaided. The account inspired the subject of my book not only by revealing that recovery was<\/em> thought to be possible in early modern England, but by showing that descriptions of this outcome of illness have the potential to shine light into practically every corner of life in the past, from sibling relationships to breakfast routines.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Martha Hatfield’s uncle recorded her fight against illness to encourage others to have faith in God’s healing powers<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Designed to rebalance and brighten our impression of premodern health, the book takes three perspectives: the first is medical, asking what doctors and patients meant by recovery, and how it was thought to happen. People believed their bodies contained a divinely endowed healing agent called \u2018Nature\u2019. The precursor to the concept of the immune system, Nature was personified as a hardworking housewife, who removed disease through processes that resembled cooking and cleaning: the \u2018concoction\u2019 and \u2018expulsion\u2019 of the toxic substances that were believed to cause illness \u2013 the \u2018humours\u2019.<\/p>\n

Doctors assisted Nature by giving medicines designed to expel these humours, such as laxatives. Once the bad humours had been removed, the next stage of recovery could occur: the restoration of strength (convalescence). This was achieved through eating easily digestible foods like chicken broths and possets and getting plenty of sleep \u2013 similar to today\u2019s convalescent care!<\/p>\n

The second perspective taken in the book is from patients themselves. Recovery was often experienced as a wonderful transformation from \u2018sickenesse to health<\/a>\u2026from sadnesse to mirth, from paine to ease, from prison to libertie, from death to life\u2019.<\/p>\n

Patients enjoyed the exquisite ease of abated pain, and cherished the freedom and sociability that came after the spell in the \u2018lonely prison\u2019 of the sickchamber. They took particular satisfaction in being able to carry out simple actions that prior to illness would have generated no comment, such as getting dressed. Claver Morris<\/a>, a Dorset doctor, recorded that after his fever in 1720, \u2018I got up\u2026and put on everything excepting my shoose, & completely dress\u2019d myself in 2 minutes, by my wife[\u2019]s watch!\u2019 Recovery was also a deeply spiritual experience, since it was believed to be ordained by God.<\/p>\n

The third perspective is that of family and friends. I show that loved ones usually shared the feelings of patients, undergoing a dramatic transformation from agony to ecstasy. When his dear friend Robert Paston<\/a> escaped death in 1675, Dr John Hildeyard told him, \u2018My griefe[s]\u2026are vanguished and\u2026wholy swallowed up into joy\u2019. This sharing of experiences \u2013 known as \u2018fellow-feeling\u2019 \u2013 was physical as well as emotional, since relatives claimed to share the patient\u2019s pain during illness, and ease upon recovery. Modern neuroscientists wouldn\u2019t be surprised \u2013 functional neuroimaging studies<\/a> show that the \u2018pain areas\u2019 of the brain \u2018light up\u2019 when you see someone else in pain.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
An extract from an Early Modern diary<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Although the book is mainly a happy history, <\/em>it doesn\u2019t ignore the gloomier side. Like today, getting better could take ages, and of course, not everyone made a full recovery. Nor did getting better always follow a linear motion: patients were \u2018tremblingly afraid\u2019 of relapse, and worried that the smallest action could rekindle sickness. For those who had longed for heaven during illness, survival could even be a disappointment! The minister Oliver Heywood<\/a> reflected in 1691, \u2018When many judged me a gone man, I was afraid it was too good to be true\u2019.<\/p>\n

To end we return to Martha Hatfield. As with modern survivors, Martha found that her recent sickness put life\u2019s troubles in perspective. Before her illness, she been \u2018much inclined to sadnesse and fretfulnesse\u2019. From the time of her cure, she \u2018walks on with much cheerfulness\u2026[and] abundance of peace\u2019, because she now knows that whatever \u2018new Stormes\u2019 await her, God will \u2018come with healing under his wings\u2019.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The NHS turns 70 this year, giving us the chance to appreciate the fact it is there to turn to whenever we get ill. But what did people do before…Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[441,624],"class_list":["post-3023","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-heritage-creativity","tag-history","tag-nhs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSick of Sickness! 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