{"id":30521,"date":"2024-11-28T11:00:55","date_gmt":"2024-11-28T11:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/?p=30521"},"modified":"2024-12-13T15:47:18","modified_gmt":"2024-12-13T15:47:18","slug":"what-you-need-to-know-about-methanol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/research-blog\/2024\/11\/28\/what-you-need-to-know-about-methanol\/","title":{"rendered":"Six people have died in Laos from drinking tainted alcohol \u2013 what you need to know about methanol"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<em><strong>Six tourists who were staying at a youth hostel in Vang Vieng, Laos,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/ced94znq424o\">have died<\/a>\u00a0of methanol poisoning. The methanol was believed to be in contaminated drinks.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Methanol \u2013 a colourless, tasteless liquid \u2013 is extremely toxic. As little as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mountsinai.org\/health-library\/poison\/methanol-poisoning#:%7E:text=Methanol%20is%20extremely%20poisonous.,often%20permanent%20despite%20medical%20care\">60ml can be deadly<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 that\u2019s less than a triple UK shot of alcohol (ethanol).<\/strong><\/em>[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=&#8221;30538&#8243; img_size=&#8221;large&#8221;][vc_column_text]Methanol, unlike ethanol, is processed by our bodies to first form formaldehyde and then formic acid (formate). The body is unable to quickly\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8731680\/\">clear large doses of formate<\/a>\u00a0and once formate is in our cells, it causes significant injury and death.<\/p>\n<p>Formate gets into the mitochondria \u2013 the powerhouses of cells \u2013 causing them to become oxygen-depleted (hypoxia). Without oxygen, cells become damaged and die; this means all our important organs such as our brain, kidneys and liver stop working and this damage is often fatal, (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17364632\/\">nearly 45% in some cases<\/a>) or leads to life-changing injuries.<\/p>\n<p>The retina and the optical nerve are especially sensitive to methanol. Blindness (both partial and total) is an early symptom of methanol poisoning and can be caused by drinking as little as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/md-journal\/citation\/1953\/12000\/acute_methyl_alcohol_poisoning__a_review_based_on.2.aspx\">10ml (two teaspoons) of methanol<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Methanol poisoning is very similar to the effects of ethanol (alcohol) poisoning, which can lead to delays in getting the right treatment. It is usually only when doctors notice that the patient is losing their sight that they realise that methanol is involved.<\/p>\n<p>Once it is clear that the patient is suffering from methanol poisoning, doctors will try to stop any further methanol from being turned into the highly toxic formate. A drug called\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16035197\/\">fomepizole<\/a>\u00a0is used to achieve this, but this treatment is much more effective the sooner it can be given.<\/p>\n<p>It may seem counter-intuitive, but an alternative to fomepizole is to treat the patient with ethanol. The body processes ethanol in preference to methanol, which prevents more deadly formate being formed. However, the patient now needs to be treated for alcohol poisoning. This is a much better outcome, although requiring significant hospital care.<\/p>\n<p>The next stage is to remove any remaining methanol or formate to prevent further damage to the patient. This is achieved by kidney dialysis, where a machine removes these toxins from the body. Since the patient\u2019s liver and kidneys are not working, the dialysis machine is also needed to remove the waste that the body creates.<\/p>\n<p>Together, these hospital interventions require significant expertise and equipment, which can place great strain on the local healthcare system. Transporting these critical patients to a better-equipped hospital is often required, as demonstrated in the recent poisoning where patients had to be transported from Vang Vieng in Laos to Bangkok in Thailand.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Methanol contamination<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Methanol is an important industrial solvent. It is also used in antifreeze, paint thinners and windshield washer fluid. Unfortunately, it does occasionally find its way into alcoholic drinks sold in bars.<\/p>\n<p>There are two common causes when alcoholic drinks are contaminated with methanol. With home-style distillation of spirits, lower boiling methanol can contaminate the final product. It is a matter of the distiller\u2019s skill to prevent this, but it also reduces the yield of spirits \u2013 these compromises can be tragic.<\/p>\n<p>A second cause is the deliberate substitution of cheap industrial methanol in place of highly taxed and controlled alcoholic drinks.<\/p>\n<p>It is sad to note that methanol poisonings are relatively common around the world, with cases reported as far afield as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8731680\/\">Kenya, Turkey<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/health\/article-14113823\/Map-global-methanol-poisoning-Laos-deaths.html\">Indonesia<\/a>\u00a0and can affect large groups of people \u2013 for example, in 2001,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17364632\/\">154 people<\/a>\u00a0suffered from methanol poisoning in Estonia after they consumed counterfeit vodka.<\/p>\n<p>The circumstances surrounding this latest celebration-turned-tragedy of methanol poisoning and the fact that it has affected young adults with so much potential is hard to rationalise. While it is difficult to account for the deliberate adulteration of alcohol, a somewhat forgotten cornerstone of the food and beverage industries is the quality control chemists and biologists working to prevent contamination of the products we consume with rigorous testing.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reading.ac.uk\/chemistry\/staff\/dr-chris-smith\">Chris Smith<\/a> is Lecturer in Chemistry, University of Reading<\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/\">The Conversation<\/a>\u00a0under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/six-people-have-died-in-laos-from-drinking-tainted-alcohol-what-you-need-to-know-about-methanol-244437\">original article<\/a>.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Six tourists who were staying at a youth hostel in Vang Vieng, Laos,\u00a0have died\u00a0of methanol poisoning. The methanol was believed to be in contaminated drinks. Methanol \u2013 a colourless, tasteless&#8230;<a class=\"read-more\" href=\"&#104;&#116;&#116;&#112;&#115;&#58;&#47;&#47;&#114;&#101;&#115;&#101;&#97;&#114;&#99;&#104;&#46;&#114;&#101;&#97;&#100;&#105;&#110;&#103;&#46;&#97;&#99;&#46;&#117;&#107;&#47;&#114;&#101;&#115;&#101;&#97;&#114;&#99;&#104;&#45;&#98;&#108;&#111;&#103;&#47;&#50;&#48;&#50;&#52;&#47;&#49;&#49;&#47;&#50;&#56;&#47;&#119;&#104;&#97;&#116;&#45;&#121;&#111;&#117;&#45;&#110;&#101;&#101;&#100;&#45;&#116;&#111;&#45;&#107;&#110;&#111;&#119;&#45;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#117;&#116;&#45;&#109;&#101;&#116;&#104;&#97;&#110;&#111;&#108;&#47;\">Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":991,"featured_media":30538,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1785],"tags":[2770,2769,2768,2771],"class_list":["post-30521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agriculture-food-and-health","tag-formate","tag-laos","tag-methanol-poisoning","tag-tainted-alcochol"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Six people have died in Laos from drinking tainted alcohol \u2013 what you need to know about methanol - Connecting Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Methanol \u2013 a colourless, tasteless liquid \u2013 is extremely toxic. 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