A paper by Dr Yunusov and Prof Torriti on the distributional effects of time-of-use electricity tariffs is mentioned by the Daily MailMail+, (and in print).

Assuming no behavioural change, the paper imposes time-of-use electricity tariffs  tariffs on UK half hourly smart meter data and the synthetic demand profiles for different household composition generated using the 2014–2015 UK Time Use Survey data and optimisation of energy consumption per activity against the smart meter data.

The paper clarifies that the overall benefits of time-of-use electricity tariffs will be significant, especially in light of the expansion of electric vehicles and heat pumps.

Original paper:

Yunusov, T. and Torriti, J.  (2021) Distributional effects of Time of Use tariffs based on electricity demand and time use. Energy Policy , 156 ISSN: 0301-4215 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112412