Room Temperature OTTLE cell features<\/h2>\nA Compact, Modular Design<\/h3>\n\n- Quick to assemble & easy to clean and maintain.<\/li>\n
- Wide choice of window materials; CaF2<\/sub>, BaF2<\/sub>, quartz, NaCl, KBr, ZnS, ZnSe, HDPE- diverse (organic, aqueous, acidic aqueous) electrolytes may be used.<\/li>\n
- Spectral Range: 50,000 – 50 cm-1<\/sup><\/li>\n
- No leaking and completely air-tight: Ideally suited for studying air- and moisture-sensitive compounds and volatile solvents.
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/spectroelectrochemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/Unorganized\/20150310_000016-300x225.jpg\")
<\/li>\n - Low sample volumes required (0.1-0.2 mL).<\/li>\n
- Compact design allows for a variety of different holders to be used; ready to use in all types of commercially available UV-Vis-NIR-IR spectrophotometers.<\/li>\n
- Wide choice of working electrode materials: Pt, Au, Cu minigrids (32 wires per cm) & graphite sheet – transparent from 2800-1400 cm-1\u00a0<\/sup>(coming soon).<\/span><\/li>\n
- Adaptable for wide range of techniques: resonance Raman (microscope), epifluorescence microscope, ECL technique (using a\u00a0dual working electrode operated by a bipotentiostat), ECD and VCD spectrometers, fiber optics (UV-vis and IR), 2D-IR laser setup, far-IR region (Bruker Vertex 70v and 80v FT-IR spectrometers).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Outstanding Electrochemical Behaviour<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/spectroelectrochemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/Unorganized\/20171021_181851-e1556282204393-169x300.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
\n- Rapid electrolysis: suitable for time-resolved measurements and rapid FTIR\/UV-Vis spectroscopy scan.<\/li>\n
- Negligible diffusion in the thin layer solution (optical path less than 0.2 mm).<\/li>\n
- High electrochemical stability with reproducible behavior over several scans.<\/li>\n
- Complete conversion of the analyte in the vicinity of the working electrode.<\/li>\n
- Low level of electronic noise.<\/li>\n
- Cell can be modified to accept input from almost any commercially available potentiostat, our personal recommendation is the PalmSens EmStat3+<\/a> range.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Wide-Ranging Application<\/h3>\nThis cell has been employed with great success on a variety of topics:<\/h4>\n
Redox Intermediates<\/strong><\/p>\nWolfgang Kaim (University of Stuttgart, Germany) and Jan Fiedler (J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Prague, Czech Republic) have been the most frequent users of our cells. A large number of their studies deal with identification and characterisation of unusual redox intermediates of mononuclear and mixed-valence dinuclear transition metal complexes. For example, the bridged diruthenium complex below features two o-semiquinone (one-electron-reduced dioxolene) ligands. Combined with theoretical calculations and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements, UV-Vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry documents dioxolene-based redox activity and variable intra- and intermolecular spin-spin interactions. The predominant Ru(II) oxidation results in diminished intensity and a hypsochromic shift of the NIR band, suggesting largely metal-based spin and mixed MLCT\/LMCT charge transfer transitions.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/spectroelectrochemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/Unorganized\/Case.png\")
<\/p>\n
Electronic Properties of Mixed-Valence Complexes<\/strong><\/p>\nHeinrich Lang and co-workers (Technische Universit\u00e4t Chemnitz, Germany) utilize UV-Vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry within the RT OTTLE cells to analyze the electron-transfer properties of redox-active thiophene- and fulvalenediyl-bridged homo- and heterodi- and multi-metallic complexes. In particular, below is the structure of supercrowded 2,3,4,5-tetraferrocenylthiophene and several UV-Vis-NIR absorption bands appearing between 280 and 3000 nm when the ferrocenyl terminals in the complex are oxidized in a slow and stepwise fashion. This observation reveals that the positive charges are localized on the Fc+ terminals in the mixed-valent partially oxidized intermediates.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/spectroelectrochemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/Unorganized\/case-2.png\")
<\/p>\n
- \n
- Quick to assemble & easy to clean and maintain.<\/li>\n
- Wide choice of window materials; CaF2<\/sub>, BaF2<\/sub>, quartz, NaCl, KBr, ZnS, ZnSe, HDPE- diverse (organic, aqueous, acidic aqueous) electrolytes may be used.<\/li>\n
- Spectral Range: 50,000 – 50 cm-1<\/sup><\/li>\n
- No leaking and completely air-tight: Ideally suited for studying air- and moisture-sensitive compounds and volatile solvents.
<\/li>\n- Low sample volumes required (0.1-0.2 mL).<\/li>\n
- Compact design allows for a variety of different holders to be used; ready to use in all types of commercially available UV-Vis-NIR-IR spectrophotometers.<\/li>\n
- Wide choice of working electrode materials: Pt, Au, Cu minigrids (32 wires per cm) & graphite sheet – transparent from 2800-1400 cm-1\u00a0<\/sup>(coming soon).<\/span><\/li>\n
- Adaptable for wide range of techniques: resonance Raman (microscope), epifluorescence microscope, ECL technique (using a\u00a0dual working electrode operated by a bipotentiostat), ECD and VCD spectrometers, fiber optics (UV-vis and IR), 2D-IR laser setup, far-IR region (Bruker Vertex 70v and 80v FT-IR spectrometers).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Outstanding Electrochemical Behaviour<\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n- \n
- Rapid electrolysis: suitable for time-resolved measurements and rapid FTIR\/UV-Vis spectroscopy scan.<\/li>\n
- Negligible diffusion in the thin layer solution (optical path less than 0.2 mm).<\/li>\n
- High electrochemical stability with reproducible behavior over several scans.<\/li>\n
- Complete conversion of the analyte in the vicinity of the working electrode.<\/li>\n
- Low level of electronic noise.<\/li>\n
- Cell can be modified to accept input from almost any commercially available potentiostat, our personal recommendation is the PalmSens EmStat3+<\/a> range.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Wide-Ranging Application<\/h3>\n
This cell has been employed with great success on a variety of topics:<\/h4>\n
Redox Intermediates<\/strong><\/p>\n
Wolfgang Kaim (University of Stuttgart, Germany) and Jan Fiedler (J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Prague, Czech Republic) have been the most frequent users of our cells. A large number of their studies deal with identification and characterisation of unusual redox intermediates of mononuclear and mixed-valence dinuclear transition metal complexes. For example, the bridged diruthenium complex below features two o-semiquinone (one-electron-reduced dioxolene) ligands. Combined with theoretical calculations and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements, UV-Vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry documents dioxolene-based redox activity and variable intra- and intermolecular spin-spin interactions. The predominant Ru(II) oxidation results in diminished intensity and a hypsochromic shift of the NIR band, suggesting largely metal-based spin and mixed MLCT\/LMCT charge transfer transitions.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nElectronic Properties of Mixed-Valence Complexes<\/strong><\/p>\n
Heinrich Lang and co-workers (Technische Universit\u00e4t Chemnitz, Germany) utilize UV-Vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry within the RT OTTLE cells to analyze the electron-transfer properties of redox-active thiophene- and fulvalenediyl-bridged homo- and heterodi- and multi-metallic complexes. In particular, below is the structure of supercrowded 2,3,4,5-tetraferrocenylthiophene and several UV-Vis-NIR absorption bands appearing between 280 and 3000 nm when the ferrocenyl terminals in the complex are oxidized in a slow and stepwise fashion. This observation reveals that the positive charges are localized on the Fc+ terminals in the mixed-valent partially oxidized intermediates.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
- Spectral Range: 50,000 – 50 cm-1<\/sup><\/li>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/research.reading.ac.uk\/spectroelectrochemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/Unorganized\/case-3.png\")
<\/p>\n