DEVELOPING AN EVIDENCE BASE TO SUPPORT ZBNF’S WIDER APPLICATION
BACKGROUND
High levels of farmer debt and the phenomenon of farmer suicides in India have made finding low-cost agricultural strategies
fundamental to rural wellbeing and development. This is combined with the increasing environmental changes, particularly soil
degradation, which undermines effective agricultural production. These are formidable challenges which have a disproportionately
higher effect on the food security and wellbeing in lower income countries, endangering the achievement of the SDGs. Zero Budget
Natural Farming (ZBNF) acts to address these problems. It is a regenerative agricultural practice, which addresses the problem of
soil degradation while being low-cost, mitigating the problem of farmer debt. The widespread adoption of ZBNF has the potential
to enhance the livelihood resilience of smallholder farmers to climate and land use change, while increasing their income and food
security, and improving soil fertility.
RESEARCH APPROACH & ACADEMIC RATIONALE
In Andhra Pradesh, ZBNF is being implemented by Rythu Sahikara Samstha (RySS), a non-profit organization established by the
state government. RySS works through a rural extension model that engages a network of educated and trained farming fellows,
resource persons, and champions of the ZBNF program to work in village clusters, primarily with women’s self-help groups (SHGs).
An interdisciplinary team of soil and social scientists from the University of Reading are working to develop an evidence base to
understand the strengths and weaknesses of the ZBNF approach, to what extent that success has come from context-specific
conditions, and whether there are principles that could be useful in other geographic and cultural areas.
SUMMARY OF METHODOLOGY
The soil science investigation team initiated in-situ crop experiments to analyze soil nutrient budgets, carbon dynamics, resilience
to climatic stress, microbiology, and water use efficiency in five experimental sites that represent distinct agro-climatic zones.
Meanwhile, the social science investigation team, using research methods such as gendered innovation mapping and participatory
photography, are analyzing the communication and learning dynamics of smallholder women farmers to understand decision
making and innovation processes amongst ZBNF participants.