Associate Professor Claire Ryder
Associate Professor
News:
- New blog post by Natalie Ratcliffe about life on a field campaign
Research Leadership:
- Co-I on the DAZSAL (Diurnal vAriation of the vertically resolved siZe distribution in the Saharan Air Layer) project, ATMO-ACCESS TNA funding, working with the ASKOS project
- Member of the FAAM research aircraft Scientific Advisory Group for the Mid Life Upgrade
- Ex-NERC Independent Research Fellow: The Role of Coarse Mineral Dust in the Climate System
- Vice-Chair of inDust Cost Action Network WG1 (Observations)
- Committee Member Lead for Royal Meteorological Society Atmospheric Science Conference 2021 Adaption and Resilience
Academic Leadership and Teaching:
- Co-ordinator for University of Reading and Oklahoma University Meteorology Undergraduate Exchange Programme (MMet Programme)
- MSc Academic Tutor
- Teaching MT24B: Atmospheric Physics, Radiative Transfer
Research Interests:
- Atmospheric mineral dust and aerosols
- Aircraft observations of aerosols
- Radiative effects of aerosols
- Representation of mineral dust in models
- Dust impacts on cloud, climate, weather, solar energy, aircraft, health, ecosystems
Current and Upcoming Research Projects:
- DAZSAL: Diurnal vAriation of the vertically resolved siZe distribution in the Saharan Air Layer (EU ATMO-ACCESS TNA)
- MAPP: Metrology for Aerosol Optical Properties (EU Horizon 2020)
- NERC Independent Research Fellowship: The Role of Coarse Mineral Dust Particles in the Climate System
Research Group
- Natalie Ratcliffe, PhD Student working on processes influencing dust transport and deposition, SCENARIO DTP funded, Met Office CASE award
Previous Group Members
- Jon Elsey, PDRA working on the MAPP project (Metrology for Aerosol OPtical Properties)
- Alcide Zhao, PDRA on the DAHLIA project (dust-climate interactions in East Asia)
- Dhirendra Kumar, PDRA on the DAHLIA project (dust-weather interactions in East Asia)
- Liang Guo, PDRA on the DAHLIA project (dust-climate interactions in East Asia)
- Clement Bezier, Student internship partnered with Rolls Royce and ECMWF examining dust ingestion by aircraft engines at worldwide airports
Past Research Projects:
- DAHLIA: Dust-AtmospHere-Land Interactions in East Asia (Newton Fund)
- AER-D/ICE-D: Aerosol Properties - Dust / Ice in Clouds Experiment - Dust
- EUFAR SAVEX-D: Sunphotometer Validation EXperiment - Dust in ICE-D
- Fennec: The Saharan Climate System
MSc student supervision
- 2022 - Ann Liya, How good are the New Pyrgeometers on the FAAM Aircraft? co-supervised by Dr Jon Elsey and Dr Stuart Fox (Met Office)
- 2021 - Simran Chopra, Optical Properties of High Latitude Dust, co-supervised by Dr Alberto Sanchez-Marroquin (University of Leeds)
- 2020 - Jianing Li, The Australian 2019/2020 Wildfire Season
- 2020 - Marina Liaskoni, Radar observations of Giant Dust Particles during Ex-Hurricane Ophelia, co-supervised by Dr Chris Westbrook
- 2019 - Ian Wan, The radiative role of enhanced water vapor within aerosol layers
- 2015 - Mohammad Kashoob, The impact of dust size distributions on the Radiation Budget over the Sahara
- 2013 - Zoe Jacobs, Dust and Radiation in the Sahara
- 2011 - Laura Tyas, Dust and Atlantic Tropical Cyclones
Undergraduate student supervision
- 2022 - Chen Chen, Evaluation of ECMWF CAMS dust forecasts during the ASKOS fieldwork in Cape Verde, co-supervised by Dr Angela Benedetti
- 2019 - Rebecca Smith, Giant aerosol particles during storm Ophelia
- 2017 - Kieran Pope, The impact of absorbing aerosols and cloud on the energy budget
- 2014 - Mohammad Hassan, The Impact of Saharan Dust on Longwave Radiation from Aircraft Measurements
- 2012 - Olivia Coleman, The Impact of megacities on air pollution
- 2011 - Murad Mohamed, The Saharan Dust Season of 2010 and 2011
- 2010 - Using a community weather station network to determine evidence for the London Urban Heat Island
Summer student supervision
- 2019 - Adam Harland, NERC SCENARIO, The Impact of Cloud and Saharan Dust on Solar Energy Generation in the UK
- 2017 - Luke Orgill, NERC SCENARIO, Assessing Instrument Sandblasting on a Research Aircraft
Centaur Publications
2023
Adebiyi, A., Kok, J. F., Murray, B. J., Ryder, C. L. 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-6113, Stuut, J.-B. W., Kahn, R. A., Knippertz, P., Formenti, P., Mahowald, N. M., García-Pando, C. P., Klose, M., Ansmann, A., Samset, B. H., Ito, A., Balkanski, Y., Di Biagio, C., Romanias, M. N., Huang, Y. and Meng, J.
(2023)
A review of coarse mineral dust in the Earth system.
Aeolian Research, 60.
100849.
ISSN 1875-9637
doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2022.100849
2022
Drakaki, E., Amiridis, V., Tsekeri, A., Gkikas, A., Proestakis, E., Mallios, S., Solomos, S., Spyrou, C., Marinou, E., Ryder, C. L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-6113, Bouris, D. and Katsafados, P.
(2022)
Modeling coarse and giant desert dust particles.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 22 (18).
pp. 12727-12748.
ISSN 1680-7316
doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12727-2022
Jones, A. C., Hill, A., Hemmings, J., Lemaitre, P., Quérel, A., Ryder, C. L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-6113 and Woodward, S.
(2022)
Below-cloud scavenging of aerosol by rain: a review of numerical modelling approaches and sensitivity simulations with mineral dust in the Met Office's Unified Model.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 22 (17).
pp. 11381-11407.
ISSN 1680-7316
doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11381-2022
Meng, J., Huang, Y., Leung, D. M., Li, L., Adebiyi, A. A., Ryder, C. L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-6113, Mahowald, N. M. and Kok, J. F.
(2022)
Improved parameterization for the size distribution of emitted dust aerosols reduces model underestimation of super coarse dust.
Geophysical Research Letters, 49 (8).
e2021GL097287.
ISSN 0094-8276
doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097287
Zhao, A., Ryder, C. L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-6113 and Wilcox, L. J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5691-1493
(2022)
How well do the CMIP6 models simulate dust aerosols?
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 22.
pp. 2095-2119.
ISSN 1680-7316
doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2095-2022
2021
Ryder, C. L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-6113
(2021)
Radiative effects of increased water vapor in the upper Saharan air layer associated with enhanced dustiness.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126 (21).
e2021JD034696.
ISSN 2169-8996
doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034696
Marsham, J. H. and Ryder, C. L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-6113
(2021)
Dust storms and haboobs.
Weather.
ISSN 0043-1656
doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.4071
Yu, H., Tan, Q., Lillian, Z., Yaping, Z., Bian, H., Chin, M., Ryder, C. L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-6113, Levy, R. C., Pradhan, Y., Shi, Y., Song, Q., Zhang, Z., Colarco, P. R., Kim, D., Remer, L. A., Yuan, T., Mayol-Bracero, O. and Holben, B. N.
(2021)
Observation and modeling of the historic “Godzilla” African dust intrusion into the Caribbean Basin and the southern US in June 2020.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 21 (16).
pp. 12359-12383.
ISSN 1680-7316
doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12359-2021
Kudo, R., Diemoz, H., Estellés, V., Campanelli, M., Momoi, M., Marenco, F., Ryder, C. L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-6113, Ijima, O., Uchiyama, A., Nakashima, K., Yamazaki, A., Nagasawa, R., Ohkawara, N. and Ishida, H.
(2021)
Optimal use of the Prede POM sky radiometer for aerosol, water vapor, and ozone retrievals.
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 14 (5).
pp. 3395-3426.
ISSN 1867-8548
doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3395-2021
2020
Nakajima, T., Campanelli, M., Che, H., Estelles, V., Irie, H., Kim, S.-W., Kim, J., Liu, D., Nishizawa, T., Pandithurai, G., Kumar Soni, V., Thana, B., Tugjsurn, N.-U., Aoki, K., Go, S., Hashimoto, M., Higurashi, A., Kazadis, S., Khatri, P., Kouremeti, N., Kudo, R., Marenco, F., Momoi, M., Ningombam, S., Ryder, C., Uchiyama, A. and Yamazaki, A. (2020) An overview of and issues with sky radiometer technology and SKYNET. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 13. pp. 4195-4218. ISSN 1867-8548 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4195-2020
Warren, E., Charlton-Perez, C., Kotthaus, S., Marenco, F., Ryder, C., Johnson, B., Green, D., Lean, H., Ballard, S. and Grimmond, S. (2020) Observed aerosol characteristics to improve forward-modelled attenuated backscatter in urban areas. Atmospheric Environment, 224. 117177. ISSN 13522310 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117177
O'Sullivan, D., Marenco, F., Ryder, C. L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-6113, Pradhan, Y., Kipling, Z., Johnson, B., Benedetti, A., Brooks, M., McGill, M., Yorks, J. and Selmer, P.
(2020)
Models transport Saharan dust too low in the atmosphere: a comparison of the MetUM and CAMS forecasts with observations.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 20.
pp. 12955-12982.
ISSN 1680-7316
doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12955-2020
2019
Ryder, C. L., Highwood, E. J., Walser, A., Seibert, P., Philipp, A. and Weinzierl, B. (2019) Coarse and giant particles are ubiquitous in Saharan dust export regions and are radiatively significant over the Sahara. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19. pp. 15353-15376. ISSN 1680-7316 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15353-2019
2018
Ryder, C. L., Marenco, F., Brooke, J. K., Estelles, V., Cotton, R., Formenti, P., McQuaid, J. B., Price, H. C., Liu, D., Ausset, P., Rosenberg, P. D., Taylor, J. W., Choularton, T., Bower, K., Coe, H., Gallagher, M., Crosier, J., Lloyd, G., Highwood, E. J. and Murray, B. J. (2018) Coarse mode mineral dust size distributions, composition and optical properties from AER-D aircraft measurements over the Tropical Eastern Atlantic. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18. pp. 17225-17257. ISSN 1680-7316 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17225-2018
Song, Q., Zhang, Z., Yu, H., Seiji, K., Yang, P., Colarco, P., Remer, L. and Ryder, C. (2018) Net radiative effects of dust in the tropical North Atlantic based on integrated satellite observations and in situ measurements. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18. pp. 11303-11322. ISSN 1680-7316 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11303-2018
Harrison, R. G., Nicoll, K. A., Marlton, G. J., Ryder, C. L. and Bennett, A. J. (2018) Saharan dust plume charging observed over the UK. Environmental Research Letters, 13 (5). 054018. ISSN 1748-9326 doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aabcd9
Thornhill, G. D., Ryder, C. L., Highwood, E. J., Shaffrey, L. C. and Johnson, B. T. (2018) The effect of South American biomass burning aerosol emissions on the regional climate. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18 (8). pp. 5321-5342. ISSN 1680-7316 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5321-2018
Liu, D., Taylor, J. W., Crosier, J., Marsden, N., Bower, K. N., Lloyd, G., Ryder, C. L., Brooke, J. K., Cotton, R., Marenco, F., Blyth, A., Cui, Z., Estelles, V., Gallagher, M., Coe, H. and Choularton, T. W. (2018) Aircraft and ground measurements of dust aerosols over the west African coast in summer 2015 during ICE-D and AER-D. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18 (5). pp. 3817-3838. ISSN 1680-7316 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3817-2018
Alamirew, N. K., Todd, M. C., Ryder, C. L., Marsham, J. H. and Wang, Y. (2018) The early summertime Saharan heat low: sensitivity of the radiation budget and atmospheric heating to water vapour and dust aerosol. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18 (2). pp. 1241-1262. ISSN 1680-7316 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1241-2018
Rocha-Lima, A., Martins, J. V., Remer, L. A., Todd, M., Marsham, J. H., Engelstaedter, S., Ryder, C. L., Cavassos-Guerra, C., Artaxo, P., Colarco, P. and Washington, R. (2018) A detailed characterization of the Saharan dust collected during the Fennec campaign in 2011: in situ ground-based and laboratory measurements. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18 (2). pp. 1023-1043. ISSN 1680-7316 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1023-2018
Roberts, A. J., Woodage, M. J., Marsham, J. H., Highwood, E. J., Ryder, C. L., McGinty, W., Wilson, S. and Crook, J. (2018) Can explicit convection improve modelled dust in summertime West Africa? Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18 (12). pp. 9025-9048. ISSN 1680-7316 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9025-2018
Marenco, F., Ryder, C., Estellés, V., O'Sullivan, D., Brooke, J., Orgill, L., Lloyd, G. and Gallagher, M. (2018) Unexpected vertical structure of the Saharan Air Layer and giant dust particles during AER-D. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18. pp. 17655-176868. ISSN 1680-7316 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17655-2018
2016
Esteve, A. R., Highwood, E. J. and Ryder, C. L. (2016) A case study of the radiative effect of aerosols over Europe: EUCAARI-LONGREX. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16 (12). pp. 7639-7651. ISSN 1680-7324 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7639-2016
Marsham, J. H., Parker, D. J., Todd, M. C., Banks, J. R., Brindley, H. E., Garcia-Carreras, L., Roberts, A. J. and Ryder, C. (2016) The contrasting roles of water and dust in controlling daily variations in radiative heating of the summertime Saharan heat low. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16 (5). pp. 3563-3575. ISSN 1680-7316 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3563-2016
2015
Ryder, C., McQuaid, J., Flamant, C., Rosenberg, P., Washington, R., Brindley, H., Highwood, E., Marsham, J., Parker, D., Todd, M., Banks, J., Brooke, J., Engelstaedter, S., Estelles, V., Formenti, P., Garcia-Carreras, L., Kocha, C., Marenco, F., Sodemann, H., Allen, C., Bourdon, A., Bart, M., Cavazos-Guerra, C., Chevaillier, S., Crosier, J., Darbyshire, E., Dean, A., Dorsey, J., Kent, J., O'Sullivan, D., Schepanski, K., Szpek, K., Trembath, J. and Woolley, A. (2015) Advances in understanding mineral dust and boundary layer processes over the Sahara from Fennec aircraft observations. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15 (14). pp. 8479-8520. ISSN 1680-7316 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8479-2015
Sodemann, H., Lai, T. M., Marenco, F., Ryder, C. L., Flamant, C., Knippertz, P., Rosenberg, P., Bart, M. and McQuaid, J. B. (2015) Lagrangian dust model simulations for a case of moist convective dust emission and transport in the western Sahara region during Fennec/LADUNEX. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 120 (12). pp. 6117-6144. ISSN 2169-8996 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023283
2014
Rosenberg, P. D., Parker, D. J., Ryder, C., Marsham, J. H., Garcia-Carreras, L., Dorsey, J. R., Brooks, I. M., Dean, A. R., Crosier, J., McQuaid, J. B. and Washington, R. (2014) Quantifying particle size and turbulent scale dependence of dust uplift in the Sahara using aircraft measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research, 119 (12). pp. 7577-7598. ISSN 0148-0227 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021255
Highwood, E. and Ryder, C. (2014) Radiative effects of dust. In: Knippertz, P. and Stuut, J.-B. W. (eds.) Mineral Dust A Key Player in the Earth System. Springer, USA, pp. 267-286. ISBN 9789401789776
2013
Ryder, C. L., Highwood, E. J., Lai, T. M., Sodemann, H. and Marsham, J. H. (2013) Impact of atmospheric transport on the evolution of microphysical and optical properties of Saharan dust. Geophysical Research Letters, 40 (10). pp. 2433-2438. ISSN 0094-8276 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50482
Randles, C. A., Kinne, S., Myhre, G., Schulz, M., Stier, P., Fischer, J., Doppler, L., Highwood, E., Ryder, C., Harris, B., Huttunen, J., Ma, Y., Pinker, R. T., Mayer, B., Neubauer, D., Hitzenberger, R., Oreopoulos, L., Lee, D., Pitari, G., Di Genova, G., Quaas, J., Rose, F. G., Kato, S., Rumbold, S. T., Vardavas, I., Hatzianastassiou, N., Matsoukas, C., Yu, H., Zhang, F., Zhang, H. and Lu, P. (2013) Intercomparison of shortwave radiative transfer schemes in global aerosol modeling: results from the AeroCom Radiative Transfer Experiment. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13 (5). pp. 2347-2379. ISSN 1680-7316 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2347-2013
Ryder, C. L., Highwood, E. J., Rosenberg, P. D., Trembath, J., Brooke, J. K., Bart, M., Dean, A., Crosier, J., Dorsey, J., Brindley, H., Banks, J., Marsham, J. H., McQuaid, J. B., Sodemann, H. and Washington, R. (2013) Optical properties of Saharan dust aerosol and contribution from the coarse mode as measured during the Fennec 2011 aircraft campaign. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13 (1). pp. 303-325. ISSN 1680-7316 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-303-2013
2012
McMeeking, G., Bart, M., Chazette, P., Haywood, J., Hopkins, J., McQuaid, J., Morgan, W., Raut, J.-C., Ryder, C., Savage, N., Turnbull, K. and Coe, H. (2012) Airborne measurements of trace gases and aerosols over the London metropolitan region. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 12 (11). pp. 5163-5187. ISSN 1680-7316 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5163-2012
Brindley, H., Knippertz, P., Ryder, C. and Ashpole, I. (2012) A critical evaluation of the ability of the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) thermal infrared red-green-blue rendering to identify dust events: theoretical analysis. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 117. D07201. ISSN 2169-8996 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD017326
Highwood, E. J., Northway, M. J., McMeeking, G. R., Morgan, W. T., Liu, D., Osborne, S., Bower, K., Coe, H., Ryder, C. and Williams, P. (2012) Aerosol scattering and absorption during the EUCAARI-LONGREX flights of the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146: can measurements and models agree? Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 12 (15). pp. 7251-7267. ISSN 1680-7316 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7251-2012
Ackerley, D., Joshi, M. M., Highwood, E. J., Ryder, C. L., Harrison, M. A. J., Walters, D. N., Milton, S. F. and Strachan, J. (2012) A comparison of two dust uplift schemes within the same general circulation model. Advances in Meteorology, 2012. 260515. ISSN 1687-9309 doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/260515
2011
Ryder, C. L. and Toumi, R. (2011) An urban solar flux island: measurements from London. Atmospheric Environment, 45 (20). pp. 3414-3423. ISSN 1352-2310 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.03.045
Davies, L., Bell, J. N. B., Bone, J., Head, M., Hill, L., Howard, C., Hobbs, S. J., Jones, D. T., Power, S. A., Rose, N., Ryder, C., Seed, L., Stevens, G., Toumi, R., Voulvoulis, N. and White, P. C. L. (2011) Open Air Laboratories (OPAL): a community-driven research programme. Environmental Pollution, 159 (8-9). pp. 2203-2210. ISSN 0269-7491 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.053
Bulgin, C. E., Palmer, P. I., Merchant, C. J., Siddans, R., Gonzi, S., Poulsen, C. A., Thomas, G. E., Sayer, A. M., Carboni, E., Granger, R. G., Highwood, E. and Ryder, C. L. (2011) Quantifying the response of the ORAC aerosol optical depth retrieval for MSG SEVIRI to aerosol model assumptions. Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres, 116 (D5). D05208. ISSN 0148-0227 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014483
2010
McConnell, C. L., Formenti, P., Highwood, E. J. and Harrison, M. A. J. (2010) Using aircraft measurements to determine the refractive index of Saharan dust during the DODO Experiments. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 10 (6). pp. 3081-3098. ISSN 1680-7316 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3081-2010
2009
Ackerley, D., Highwood, E. J., Harrison, M., McConnell, C., Joshi, M. M., Walters, D., Milton, S., Greed, G. and Brooks, M. (2009) The development of a new dust uplift scheme in the Met Office Unified Model. Meteorological Applications, 16 (4). pp. 445-460. ISSN 1469-8080 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/met.141
2008
Osborne, S.R., Johnson, B.T., Haywood, J.M., Baran, A.J., Harrison, M.A.J. and McConnell, C.L. (2008) Physical and optical properties of mineral dust aerosol during the Dust and Biomass-burning Experiment. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113. D00C03 . ISSN 0148-0227 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009551
McConnell, C. L., Highwood, E. J., Coe, H., Formenti, P., Anderson, B., Osborne, S., Nava, S., Desboeufs, K., Chen, G. and Harrison, M. A. J. (2008) Seasonal variations of the physical and optical characteristics of Saharan Dust: results from the Dust outflow and Deposition to the Ocean (DODO) experiment. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113. D14S05. ISSN 0148-0227 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009606
2005
Jones, C., McConnell, C., Coleman, K., Cox, P., Falloon, P., Jenkinson, D. and Powlson, D. (2005) Global climate change and soil carbon stocks: predictions from two contrasting models for the turnover of organic carbon in soil. Global Change Biology, 11 (1). pp. 154-166. ISSN 1354-1013 doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00885.x
Last update: 8th November 2022
