Please see the Introduction to the Special Issue “Statistical Mechanics of Climate” published on the Journal of Statistical Physics:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10955-020-02605-0?fbclid=IwAR2IOeYE9CUZbMbt3DrU-PtL_eLNBnQxFKyZvTuhvVm2wmfx6THqbD_ArQk